Effects of fixed costs in two-person sequential bargaining

Rubinstein (1982) considered the problem of dividing a given surplus between two players sequentially, and then proposed a model in which the two players alternately make and respond to each other's offers through time. He further characterized the perfect equilibrium outcomes, which depend on the players time preferences and order of moves. Using both equal and unequal bargaining cost conditions and an unlimited number of rounds, two experiments were designed to compare the perfect equilibrium model to alternative models based on norms of fairness. We report analyses of final agreements, first offers, and number of bargaining rounds, which provide limited support to the perfect equilibrium model, and then conclude by recommending a shift in focus from model testing to specification of the conditions favoring one model over another.     

Exact and approximate distributions for linear contrasts of means and variances

A Bayesian analysis is presented for the K-group Behrens-Fisher problem. Both exact posterior distributions and approximations were developed for both a general linear contrast of the K means and the K variances, given either proper diffuse or informative conjugate priors. The contrast of variances is a unique feature of the heterogeneous variance model that enables investigators to test specific effects of experimental manipulations on variance. Finally, important-differences were observed between the heterogeneous variance model and the homogeneous model.     

Convergence of a fixed point algorithm

This note gives a condition which ensures convergence to an optimum of an algorithm suggested by Silvey, Titterington and Torsney (19 78) in the optimal design context.     

Maximum likelihood ridge displays

I illustrate likelihood methods for estimating the consequences of shrinkage along any ridge path as well as methods for picking a two-hyperparameter path of optimal curvature and the optimal point on that path. In addition to my published "classical" methods, I also illustrate both the empirical Bayes and the random coefficient maximum likelihood approaches. Traces of risks for known parameters and losses for simulated responses are followed by traces of estimates that can reveal the same general information.     

网络小说接受的程式化现象

艺术接受程式化是指受众倾向于按照既有的心理模式或思维定势接受作品,受众的接受动机主要为消遣、娱乐,接受状态比较被动,接受效果主要为表层愉悦。当下网络小说接受的程式化现象主要表现为三个方面,即内容选择类型化、关注热点快速更替和接受视角单一化。网络小说接受的程式化现象是由复杂的社会条件和受众固有的接受心理决定的,有其存在的正当性与合理性,但其对艺术的负面效应也不应忽视。     

中国建设投资与经济增长关系的计量模型与分析

文章对我国建设投资和国民经济之间的关系进行了定量的分析 ,建立了能反映二者之间长期均衡和短期波动关系的误差修正模型 ,从而得到近阶段国民经济增长对我国建设投资的弹性系数 ,反映了建设投资对国民经济增长的贡献水平。从模型分析的结果显示 ,无论是固定资产投资 ,还是建筑安装投资 ,GDP对它们的弹性系数都大大超过它们各自在 GDP中所占的比重。这表明建设投资能够高效率地拉动国民经济的增长 ,是刺激经济活动的重要手段之一。     

基于面板数据模型的能耗与固定资产投资关系的实证研究

首先,对我国固定资产投资与能源消费之间的关系进行了机理分析,认为大规模的固定资产投资活动是造成能耗快速增长的主要原因,并且固定资产投资与能源消费之间存在一种循环关系.然后,采用面板数据模型对我国8个主要行业的固定资产投资与能源消费关系进行了实证研究.研究结果表明,固定资产投资是我国能耗增长的格兰杰原因,固定资产投资与能耗增长之间存在显著的正相关性.最后,对遏制我国能耗高速增长给出了相应的政策建议.     

控制权私利下的企业资本配置决策研究

基于企业内部资本配置的理论阐释,以固定资产和长期股权的组合投资为研究对象,构建出有无大股东控制下的企业资本配置模型,理论分析控制权私有收益对企业资本配置决策的影响.研究结果表明:大股东的控制权私利行为是导致企业偏离最优资本配置决策的一个重要原因,偏离程度随现金流权与控制权分离度的增大呈非线性变化.该变化趋势主要由固定资产投资收益率和长期股权投资收益率的大小决定.