The Slope of Change: An Environmental Management Approach to Reduce Drinking on a Day of Celebration at a US College

Abstract

Objective: This research extends the literature on event-specific environmental management with a case study evaluation of an intervention designed to reduce student drinking at a university's year-end celebration. Participants: Cornell University undergraduates were surveyed each May from 2001 through 2009. Sample sizes ranged from 322 to 1,973. Methods: Randomly sampled surveys were conducted after a large, annual spring campus celebration. An environmental management plan was initiated in 2003 that included increased enforcement of the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) law. Results: In the short term, drinking at the campus celebration decreased while drinking before the event increased. Over time, the intervention significantly reduced high-risk drinking on the day of the event, especially among those under the age of 21. Conclusion: These findings are contrary to the argument that enforcement of MLDA laws simply leads to increased high-risk drinking, and therefore have implications for how colleges approach the challenge of student alcohol misuse.     

F.O.R.E.play: The Utility of Brief Sexual Health Interventions Among College Students

Abstract

Objectives: The authors aimed to determine the most effective brief sexual health intervention for college students, while also evaluating students’ preferences for learning about sexual health, in order to develop a university program. Methods: A total of 302 students enrolled in an introductory college course participated and were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 brief interventions during a regularly scheduled class and completed pre- and postsurveys assessing knowledge, motivation to use condoms, and condom self-efficacy. Results: Findings indicated that having an actual person in charge of the learning process resulted in higher knowledge gains and highlighted a student preference for discussion-based learning, viewing pictures of sexually transmitted infections, and hearing real-life experiences about the consequences of unsafe sex. Conclusions: These findings will be used to tailor a future intervention targeting college students for use with freshmen students at this university.     

The effects of a pedometer-based intervention on first-year university students: A randomized control trial

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To assess the effects of a 12-week pedometer-based intervention on the physical activity behavior, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and psychological well-being of first-year university students. Participants: First-year university students (N = 184) were recruited during September 2012 and randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. Methods: Intervention participants were provided with a pedometer, monthly tracking logs, and follow-up e-mails. Control participants received no intervention. Physical activity, HRQOL, and psychological well-being were measured at baseline and post intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate/univariate analysis of variance (MANOVA/ANOVA). Results: All participants experienced an increase in mild physical activity (p < .01) from baseline to follow-up. The intervention failed to produce significant differences between groups for physical activity (p = .28), HRQOL (p = .80), or psychological well-being (p = .72). Psychological well-being (p < .001), vigorous physical activity (p = .04), and mental health status (p < .001) decreased across the duration of the study. Conclusions: More intensive interventions may be required to elicit physical activity behavior change.     

Responding to Self‐harm: A documentary Analysis of Agency Policy and Procedure

This paper reports on the findings of a documentary analysis of policies and procedures relating to self‐harm from a range of organisations working with young people in the UK. It identifies the extent to which policies and/or procedures relating to self‐harm are available for service providers and offers a wider understanding of the concepts of self‐harm and approaches to helping as incorporated into service guidance and delivery. It highlights the prevalence of self‐harming behaviours in a climate of stigma and the need to define appropriate and supportive agency responses from a trained staff that is both sensitive and individualised.     

政府食品监管职能缺失的体制分析及其治理策略——基于整体性治理的视角

食品安全监管体制沿革表现出了"破碎化"的监管职能,这与社会结构转型、制度变迁和政府机构变革紧密地联系在一起。通过整体性治理理论为解释框架,分析政府食品安全监管职能缺失原因,制度化政府内部及部门之间的跨界合作,把社会多元治理力量纳入到协作的制度内,建构政府内部之间、部门之间及社会监管主体之间的协作网络结构,这是对公共行政适应社会改革发展的回应。     

分期针刺配合心理干预对缺血性中风患者生活质量的影响

目的 观察分期针刺配合心理干预对缺血性中风患者生活质量的影响.方法 选择缺血性中风患者80例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各40例,治疗组采用分期针刺配合心理干预,采用分期针刺.用临床疗效、Fugl-Meyer评定量表（FMA）、修订Barthel指数（MBI）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表SDS评价疗效差异.结果 治疗组临床疗效、FMA、MBI、SAS、SDS均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 分期针刺配合心理干预提高缺血性中风患者临床疗效,改善心理情绪,提高患者生活质量.     

政府干预、公司特征与并购扩张价值创造——基于资源基础理论视角

从资源基础理论视角出发,实证检验了政府对不同产权特征、不同行业特征并购公司的差别对待。研究结果表明,政府对并购公司物质资源、无形资源、财务资源配置的干预具有“国有偏好”和“行业偏好”,三项资源的配置优劣成为公司并购扩张的核心,公司资源的数量与质量最终决定了其并购扩张的价值创造。并据此提出在“转变政府职能、依靠并购市场机制、健全并购公司治理结构”的原则下科学引导公司并购扩张活动的建议。     

Grounding Online Prevention Interventions in Theory: Guidelines from a Review of Selected Theories and Research

ABSTRACT

Literature suggests that grounding online interventions in theory improves their success. This article reviews 10 theories selected from the fields of psychotherapy, social work, health promotion, gaming, and innovation dissemination that can be used for grounding the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of online interventions. Selected studies are reviewed to illustrate how these theories have been used in online human service interventions. After this review, an integrated theoretical approach for grounding online interventions is proposed along with guidelines suggested by the review.     

Technology and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: An Interactive Self-Help Website for OCD

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a neurobiological illness characterized by unwanted thoughts and/or images followed by repetitive rituals. About 5 million Americans live with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. OCD is a manageable illness when proper interventions are utilized. Treatment for OCD is limited due to the lack of adequately trained professionals and the high costs of treatment. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in conjunction with exposure with response prevention (ERP) is the most effective intervention modality available for OCD. To address the treatment gap, an online, interactive self-help website was developed for those living with OCD without access to an effective intervention. This report will explore development of the OCD Challenge website and future implications of its use.