六朝目录学新变对文体辨析的消极影响——以"文笔说"为例

六朝时期四部分类法的逐步确立,对于文学发展而言其影响并非全然是积极的,将文体辨析限制在集部内部进行,反不能产生较为纯粹的文学观念。以当时最能体现文学独立意向的文笔说为例,文笔之分自始即在四部分类的前提下进行,但到了南朝时期,随着文学批评的不断深入,文笔论者开始本于自己的文学观念而此一前提有所突破,但终未能完全舍弃。二者间的矛盾,使得各家的文笔理论均不能贯彻到底,从而无法产生更为纯粹的文学观念。四部分类对文笔说存在此种影响的原因,是两汉以降文集创作的繁盛所导致的四部分类取代《七略》分类这一过程与文体辨析发展之间的同步性,而此种影响何以是消极的,则在于早期四部分类法实用色彩之浓重。     

Caring about independent lives

With the rhetoric of independence, new cash for care systems were introduced in many developed welfare states at the end of the 20th century. These systems allow local authorities to pay people who are eligible for community care services directly, to enable them to employ their own careworkers. Despite the obvious importance of the careworker’s perceptions of a welfare system aimed at independence for disabled people, this perspective is under‐researched. This article explores this perspective by outlining three examples of careworker strategies (a continuing carer biography, searching for new horizons and acting pragmatically) identified in a cross‐national case study of cash for care in the UK and Norway. The strategies are mainly derived by considering different positions in the labour market and different ways of carrying out this carework. Overall, the paper intends to contribute to the understanding of the complex welfare dilemma between user independence and the nature of carework.     

A Discrete Variable Chain Graph for Applicants for Credit

A bank offering unsecured personal loans may be interested in several related outcome variables, including defaulting on the repayments, early repayment or failing to take up an offered loan. Current predictive models used by banks typically consider such variables individually. However, the fact that they are related to each other, and to many interrelated potential predictor variables, suggests that graphical models may provide an attractive alternative solution. We developed such a model for a data set of 15 variables measured on a set of 14 000 applications for unsecured personal loans. The resulting global model of behaviour enabled us to identify several previously unsuspected relationships of considerable interest to the bank. For example, we discovered important but obscure relationships between taking out insurance, prior delinquency with a credit card and delinquency with the loan.     

向量的线性相关性与线性无关性在平面和空间上的几何解释

本文主要阐述向量的线性相关性与线性无关性在平面和空间上的几何解释.     

何谓集合

人们通常用康托集合论来判断ZFC系统的合法性,它对集合有两种主要解释：大小限制概念和叠置概念。大小限制概念把一个收集的统一性或客观现实性看作与该收集自身的大小相关,它不能对基公理和幂集公理的存在性提供合法的解释。集合的叠置观点对于集合的形成存在一个时态的限制,它可证明子集公理和幂集公理的合法性,但是它不能为代换公理提供一个解释。对叠置构造强加一个大小限制条件,可以成功地用来解释代换公理,它不能用来说明幂集公理的合法性。结构观点认为一个集合是打开一个可能结构的模式,集合的同一性应该由它们的打开模式的同一性确定,在这种概念下,没有理由把这种可能的结构限制在良基上。     

Cultural Factors in Collegiate Eating Disorder Pathology: When Family Culture Clashes With Individual Culture

Objective: The authors evaluated the validity of familial enmeshment (extreme proximity in family relationships) as a risk factor for eating disorders across cultural value orientations. They tested the hypothesis that although familial enmeshment may be a risk factor for eating disorder pathology for (1) participants of non-Asian descent or (2) culturally independent participants, enmeshment will not be a risk factor for (1) participants of Asian descent or (2) culturally interdependent participants. Participants: 255 undergraduate women participated. Methods: Participants completed questionnaires on cultural value orientations, enmeshment, and eating disorder pathology. Results: As hypothesized, enmeshment was related to eating disorder pathology in non-Asian American and culturally independent participants, but not in Asian American and culturally interdependent participants. Conclusions: Depending on cultural values, enmeshment may or may not be a risk factor for eating disorders. This study highlights the importance of examining risk factors in the appropriate cultural framework when considering college student mental health.     

ASYMPTOTIC EFFICIENCY OF THE BLEST‐TYPE TESTS FOR INDEPENDENCE

Blest (2000, Aust. N. Z. J. Stat. 42 , 101–111) proposed a new measure of rank correlation that is sensitive to discrepancies in the small ranks. This paper investigates the efficiency properties of non‐parametric tests for independence based on Blest's correlation coefficient and its modifications. Pitman efficiency comparisons are made with analogous tests existing in the literature. Conditions for Pitman optimality of the Blest‐type tests are established.     

On Khatri's characterization of the inverse-Gaussian distribution

Khatri has given a characterization of the inverse-Gaussian distribution by the independence of two statistics. His proof involves assumptions on the existence of certain moments. In this note, we offer a short proof using only the positivity of the random variable X₁.     

普通高校公共体育课实施“三自主教学”问题解析

为认真贯彻执行2000年新颁布的《全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导纲要》，普通高校体育选项课教学已经十分普遍。“三自主”式选课满足了学生个性发展需要，提高了学生学习的主动性和积极性，同时促进了教师专业发展。但是，这种教学中也出现了许多问题，本文提出了针对性的解决办法。     

关于“台湾意识”与“台湾主体意识”问题的讨论

“台湾意识”中的“悲情意识”在“台湾意识”的政治转化过程发挥了重要作用。今天的“台湾意识”是排斥“中国意识”的，是某种程度的“独台意识”甚至“独立意识”。“台湾主体意识”是在特定的历史条件下，由台湾岛内分裂势力的强力鼓吹、宣传、政策推动塑造的，是人为建构的，已成为台湾社会的主流意识，是“台湾意识”的另一表达，其实也是“台湾国家意识”，其核心是强调台湾的主权独立性与国家性，是排斥与对抗中国的。