北京话里的特殊量词

汉语方言里的量词 ,大都可以视为其所在方言的特征词 ,体现不同方言之间词汇上的区别特征[1] 。另外 ,作为名词的“陪衬”[2 ] ,量词往往属于常用、多义、相对活跃的词类。因此 ,一种方言里的量词还能为我们探究此种方言的特点与变异提供材料和线索 ,包括语言现象背后的社会、文化、心理等诸多因素。北京话有自己的量词系统 ,其中一部分已经与普通话重合 ,另一部分则与普通话、现代汉语的书面语有很多不同 ,可以看作北京话里的特殊量词     

关于环境会计基本假设的探讨

环境基本会计假设是对环境会计核算中无法确定的事项所作的合理推断,是建立环境会计理论与方法的基础。对于环境会计的基本假设,会计理论界有多种看法。本文认为,环境会计作为会计学的一个分支,其基本假设应以传统会计为基础,同时又要有所创新。本文将环境会计的基本假设归纳为6个方面,并论述了环境会计基本假设的基本内容以及与传统会计基本假设的异同。     

对信息资源测度"信息资源丰裕系数"的解析与优化探讨

要衡量一个国家或地区信息资源的丰富程度,就要对信息资源进行量化,目前,学者们普遍采用信息资源丰裕系数模型进行测度.该模型从信息产品的生产能力与发展潜力角度分析信息资源的测试模型,具有一定的可操作性,但该模型存在较大的缺陷,需要对该模型进行优化,应考虑丰裕系数各分指标量纲不同的可比性问题,同时应考虑各分指标的权重.     

劳动力禀赋变化与生产条件差异下的农业技术选择——以中国水稻机插秧技术推广应用为例

农业生产要素禀赋状况变化与农业生产条件差异对农业技术进步有着重要的影响。通过23个水稻生产省（直辖市、自治区）2004—2015年的面板数据实证分析发现：随着水稻雇工工价不断上升和各地区水稻机插秧水平不断提高,各地区的农业生产条件也对水稻机插秧水平具有显著的影响,农业生产条件的差异是导致地区间水稻机插秧水平差异的重要原因。随着中国农业劳动力逐渐稀缺会诱致劳动节约型技术的不断出现和大量应用,但诱致性技术变迁机制的有效发挥还依赖于各地区农业生产条件。为进一步提高中国农业机械化水平,需要加大农业基础设施建设、改善农机作业条件和提高农机技术水平。     

A Method for Measuring Distance From a Training Data Set

A new method is proposed for measuring the distance between a training data set and a single, new observation. The novel distance measure reflects the expected squared prediction error when a quantitative response variable is predicted on the basis of the training data set using the distance weighted k-nearest-neighbor method. The simulation presented here shows that the distance measure correlates well with the true expected squared prediction error in practice. The distance measure can be applied, for example, in assessing the uncertainty of prediction.     

First- and Second-order Asymptotics for the Tail Distortion Risk Measure of Extreme Risks

The tail distortion risk measure at level p was first introduced in Zhu and Li (2012 Zhu, L., Li, H. (2012). Tail distortion risk and its asymptotic analysis. Insur. Math. Econ. 51(1):115–121.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), where the parameter p ∈ (0, 1) indicates the confidence level. They established first-order asymptotics for this risk measure, as p↑1, for the Fréchet case. In this article, we extend their work by establishing both first-order and second-order asymptotics for the Fréchet, Weibull, and Gumbel cases. Numerical studies are also carried out to examine the accuracy of both asymptotics.     

Comparison of two sampling schemes for generating record-breaking data from the proportional hazard rate models

ABSTRACT

In this article, we consider a sampling scheme in record-breaking data set-up, as record ranked set sampling. We compare the proposed sampling with the well-known sampling scheme in record values known as inverse sampling scheme when the underlying distribution follows the proportional hazard rate model. Various point estimators are obtained in each sampling schemes and compared with respect to mean squared error and Pitman measure of closeness criteria. It is observed in most of the situations that the new sampling scheme provides more efficient estimators than their counterparts. Finally, one data set has been analyzed for illustrative purposes.     

Use of ranks in probability propoetional to size sampling

Use of ranks in unequal probability sampling is examined for sample selection, stratification as well as determining the strata boundaries. A few sampling schemes are proposed and investigated, For samples of size two, two sampling schemes and their 1PPS versions are discussed, An extension of these schemes to general sample sizes is outlined. Nonnegative unbiased variance estimators are proposed in each case, An empirical comparison is included.     

Further Results on Order Statistics Generated by Two Simulation Methods

Uniform order statistics generated by two simulation methods are compared by means of Pitman’s measure of closeness. This measure, as a probability, is shown to be asymptotically 1/2. Some results are also established for fixed points of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) for a uniform order statistic. These fixed points are important for calculations involving the joint distribution of these order statistics.