等淬球铁中残留奥氏体的磁性测量

球铁在380℃等温处理后淬水测量其磁性以估计残留奥氏体含量,测量结果与用X光衍射物相分析及热染法相比较发现奥氏体含量相差30%。分析这一系统误差产生原因,讨论磁性法的使用条件。     

高等教育大众化条件下的教学质量监控系统及其建设

教学工作是高校工作的中心 ,其他一切工作必须为教学工作服务。而教学活动是由诸要素构成的师生互动活动 ,其质量的生成必定关涉高校的诸多方面和许多要素。因此确保教学质量 ,弄清影响教学质量的因子 ,构建科学可行的教学质量监控系统 ,既是高等教育客观现实的需要 ,也是推进我国高等教育大众化进程的一项基础性工作     

全面从严治党下央企纪检队伍建设

全面从严治党已经成为当前以及今后很长一段时间党内工作的常态性要求。对于央企而言,全面从严治党的要求使其面临着总体纪检监督任务、纪检监督工作量、纪检监督对象的新变化,而通过分析发现,既有的纪检人员数量、人员结构、人员选拔过程在一定程度上制约了央企纪检队伍建设的水平以及适应纪检工作新变化的能力,惟有调整纪检人员的数量、选拔方式、能力类型、工作协调、培训方式、职业发展渠道方能使得央企纪检队伍建设符合全面从严治党下纪检监督工作的新要求。     

社会共治下的食品企业失信经营问题三方演化博弈研究

针对食品企业失信经营的问题,借鉴日常活动理论,从机会、动机和控制方法三个方面,对企业失信经营进行了分析。在监管机构传统监管与共治监管两种方式下,基于演化博弈方法,构建了食品企业、消费者、监管机构的三方演化博弈模型。依据企业失信经营获利的大小,从博弈均衡上对食品企业失信经营问题进行了研究,并运用Matlab对博弈模型进行了分析验证。通过对两种监管方式的效率和应用范围进行深入分析,研究结果表明处罚和赔偿可有效降低食品企业失信经营的动机;当企业失信经营动机较小时,传统监管方式即可有效威慑食品企业,从而使其选择诚信经营策略;当企业失信动机较大时,即便使用共治监管方式仍无法有效监管食品企业失信经营。     

Predictive Modeling and Categorizing Likelihoods of Quarantine Pest Introduction of Imported Propagative Commodities from Different Countries

The present study investigates U.S. Department of Agriculture inspection records in the Agricultural Quarantine Activity System database to estimate the probability of quarantine pests on propagative plant materials imported from various countries of origin and to develop a methodology ranking the risk of country–commodity combinations based on quarantine pest interceptions. Data collected from October 2014 to January 2016 were used for developing predictive models and validation study. A generalized linear model with Bayesian inference and a generalized linear mixed effects model were used to compare the interception rates of quarantine pests on different country–commodity combinations. Prediction ability of generalized linear mixed effects models was greater than that of generalized linear models. The estimated pest interception probability and confidence interval for each country–commodity combination was categorized into one of four compliance levels: “High,” “Medium,” “Low,” and “Poor/Unacceptable,” Using K‐means clustering analysis. This study presents risk‐based categorization for each country–commodity combination based on the probability of quarantine pest interceptions and the uncertainty in that assessment.     

Confidence Intervals for the Weighted Sum of Two Independent Binomial Proportions

Confidence intervals for the difference of two binomial proportions are well known, however, confidence intervals for the weighted sum of two binomial proportions are less studied. We develop and compare seven methods for constructing confidence intervals for the weighted sum of two independent binomial proportions. The interval estimates are constructed by inverting the Wald test, the score test and the Likelihood ratio test. The weights can be negative, so our results generalize those for the difference between two independent proportions. We provide a numerical study that shows that these confidence intervals based on large‐sample approximations perform very well, even when a relatively small amount of data is available. The intervals based on the inversion of the score test showed the best performance. Finally, we show that as for the difference of two binomial proportions, adding four pseudo‐outcomes to the Wald interval for the weighted sum of two binomial proportions improves its coverage significantly, and we provide a justification for this correction.     

纪检监察机关在腐败风险控管中的作用及实现路径

为了更好地防控腐败行为的发生,针对近年来贪污腐败方式出现了一些新情况、新问题,纪检监察部门加大了反腐工作力度,构建廉政风险防控体系。但腐败预警预控体系的构建是一项复杂的系统工程,这给纪检监察机关履行职能、发挥腐败风险控管作用提出了许多新要求,需要纪检监察机关区别对待、认真研究,不断探求实现其自身职能的可行有效路径。     

“帐外帐”的税务检查

近年来,从税务检查部门查处的涉税违法案件的总体情况看,设置“帐外帐”、搞帐外经营已成为偷税的主要形式之一。如何在实践中不断总结“帐外帐”偷税的违法规律,研究“帐外帐”的税务检查方法,积极寻求治理对策成为税务检查部门的当务之急。     

An NP Control Chart Using Double Inspections

The np control chart is used widely in Statistical Process Control (SPC) for attributes. It is difficult to design an np chart that simultaneously satisfies a requirement on false alarm rate and has high detection effectiveness. This is mainly because one is often unable to make the in-control Average Run Length ARL₀ of an np chart close to a specified or desired value. This article proposes a new np control chart which is able to overcome the problems suffered by the conventional np chart. It is called the Double Inspection (DI) np chart, because it uses a double inspection scheme to decide the process status (in control or out of control). The first inspection decides the process status according to the number of non-conforming units found in a sample; and the second inspection makes a decision based on the location of a particular non-conforming unit in the sample. The double inspection scheme makes the in-control ARL₀ very close to a specified value and the out-of-control Average Run Length ARL₁ quite small. As a result, the requirement on a false alarm rate is satisfied and the detection effectiveness also achieves a high level. Moreover, the DI np chart retains the operational simplicity of the np chart to a large degree and achieves the performance improvement without requiring extra inspection (testing whether a unit is conforming or not).