最少部件数的并联备份问题

如何快速提高系统的可靠度和最少部件数的并联备份问题,一直是系统可靠性问题中的研究热点。该文从系统的任意状态(k1,k2,L,kn)出发,讨论了上述问题,并证明了在子系统可靠度最小的位置上并联相同部件可使系统的可靠度提高最快,同时给出了最优算法和实例验证。     

陶土坩埚玻璃拉丝机用红外测控仪的研制

介绍了对陶土坩埚玻璃拉丝机加装红外测控仪的原理、方法及试用效果。     

情本体——实践美学的个体生存论维度

自马克思开始,哲学已从认识论转向了实践论,此后,又转向了生存论。哲学的作用不在于探讨世界的本质,而在于探讨人生和命运问题。从“人活着”这一基本事实出发,向“人为什么活”,“活得怎样”延伸。“人活着”是哲学的出发点。“为什么活”,涉及人生的意义和价值问题,是伦理学问题。而“活得怎样”,则是美学问题。哲学的追问最后走向了美学,而历史的发展也同样走向了美学。发掘工具本体的诗情画意,实现自由而诗意地生存成为历史向今天的人们提出的现实任务。在工具本体所造成的物质力量之外,建设一种价值论、意义论的人生本体,已成为当务之急。这种人生本体,在信仰崩塌、道德形而上学同样归于失败的当今之世,只能是对人的普泛之爱和对自然的感恩、敬畏、尊敬与欣赏。     

虚拟实验在人才培养中的作用

虚拟仪器系统是测控技术和计算机技术相结合的产物。虚拟仪器在教学中的应用,改革了传统的实验教学方法,有效地强化了实验教学的效果。在阐述运用虚拟仪器技术改革实验教学方法的基础上,探讨了虚拟实验对人才培养的作用和意义,认为在当前高校连年扩大招生规模、在校生迅速增加、实验教学仪器设备不适应教育发展要求、高校实验教学与工程技术实际脱节的情况下,采用虚拟仪器实验能弥补传统仪器实验教学存在的不足,符合高校教学改革的发展趋势和培养人才的实际需要。     

基于DSP与LabVIEW仿生运动机理模型在线切换、离散化系统

仿生运动机理模型在实际的应用过程中,必须针对特定的应用场合和不同的硬件系统选择不同的控制模型和最优参数,使实际效果达到最佳。文章提出了一种基于DSP与LabVIEW,对仿生运动机理模型进行实时在线离散化的方法。该方法实现了控制模型的在线切换、参数的实时修正、模型的在线离散化、LabVIEW和DSP的实时通信。实验结果表明,该系统实时性好、运行可靠。     

公私合营（PPP）项目的规制研究

恰当的规制是公私合营制（PPP）项目健康发展的重要保证,同时如何对PPP项目进行恰当规制也是学术界研究的热点问题.文章采用文本分析方法,对PPP项目规制的内涵、目标以及规制体系的研究成果进行了综合分析.结果表明,目前宏观层面上的研究较少,一些学者只是提出了规制体系建立的思路与原则,大部分研究则集中在规制体系的微观层面即规制实施主体及规制工具等方面.动态的价格规制研究、规制体系中各要素间的关系研究及规制的可信性问题的研究是PPP项目规制未来的研究方向.     

元代的回回乐器与乐曲

本文就元代东传的火不思、兴隆笙、七十二弦琵琶等阿拉伯-伊斯兰乐器进行了详细考述,并论述了东来回回艺人在华的活动及回回乐曲的传播与影响。     

Robust Inference for Near-Unit Root Processes with Time-Varying Error Variances

The autoregressive Cauchy estimator uses the sign of the first lag as instrumental variable (IV); under independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) errors, the resulting IV t-type statistic is known to have a standard normal limiting distribution in the unit root case. With unconditional heteroskedasticity, the ordinary least squares (OLS) t statistic is affected in the unit root case; but the paper shows that, by using some nonlinear transformation behaving asymptotically like the sign as instrument, limiting normality of the IV t-type statistic is maintained when the series to be tested has no deterministic trends. Neither estimation of the so-called variance profile nor bootstrap procedures are required to this end. The Cauchy unit root test has power in the same 1/T neighborhoods as the usual unit root tests, also for a wide range of magnitudes for the initial value. It is furthermore shown to be competitive with other, bootstrap-based, robust tests. When the series exhibit a linear trend, however, the null distribution of the Cauchy test for a unit root becomes nonstandard, reminiscent of the Dickey-Fuller distribution. In this case, inference robust to nonstationary volatility is obtained via the wild bootstrap.     

Design of ISD-1: an instrument for social diagnosis in care homes for older persons*

This article describes the design process and main features of an instrument developed for use in the specialist area of intervention in care homes for older persons. The essential aim of ISD-1 (instrument for social diagnosis) is to permit the correct formulation of social diagnoses and to standardise and define the professional language used by social workers. Its content has been organised into 4 dimensions of social diagnosis, divided into 15 sub-dimensions containing 83 diagnostic categories. This work was performed in Spain, in the 24 care homes of the Madrid Social Care Agency of the Community of Madrid, involving the participation of the 40 social workers practising in these centres. ISD-1 is an easily understood and used tool, of potential use for social workers practising in care homes for older persons and capable of being adapted for use in other institutional environments, as well as being capable of adaptation and translation for its application in other countries.     

Projection‐Based Statistical Inference in Linear Structural Models with Possibly Weak Instruments

It is well known that standard asymptotic theory is not applicable or is very unreliable in models with identification problems or weak instruments. One possible way out consists of using a variant of the Anderson–Rubin ((1949), AR) procedure. The latter allows one to build exact tests and confidence sets only for the full vector of the coefficients of the endogenous explanatory variables in a structural equation, but not for individual coefficients. This problem may in principle be overcome by using projection methods (Dufour (1997), Dufour and Jasiak (2001)). At first sight, however, this technique requires the application of costly numerical algorithms. In this paper, we give a general necessary and sufficient condition that allows one to check whether an AR‐type confidence set is bounded. Furthermore, we provide an analytic solution to the problem of building projection‐based confidence sets from AR‐type confidence sets. The latter involves the geometric properties of “quadrics” and can be viewed as an extension of usual confidence intervals and ellipsoids. Only least squares techniques are needed to build the confidence intervals.