多学科交叉视野下大学生理想信念教育的有效途径研究

本文以多学科交叉为视野,采用理论与实际相结合的方法,构建大学生理想信念教育的评价体系。在调查问卷的基础上,分析大学生理想信念教育存在的问题,具体提出大学生理想信念教育的有效途径。     

当代科技翻译工作者职业发展的挑战和对策

近代以来,科技翻译有力推动了我国的科技发展和社会进化,在民族复兴的新征程中,科技翻译事业仍有重要意义。在当今科技进步与社会变迁对科技翻译职业带来诸多挑战的背景下,探讨了当代科技译者面临的职业难题与对策,以及科技译者应具备的专业素养。青年译者宜利用好新技术,产出更优质的成果,并调整职业规划,将翻译与专业方向相结合,成长为复合型人才,以翻译为核心竞争力胜任多种专业工作。为应对科技文献的新特点,优秀译者需具备坚实的翻译能力基础、充分的专业知识储备和基本的翻译理论素养。同时,译者还可培养编辑、写作等能力和专业敏感度、跨学科视野等综合素质,从而满足职业融合的需要。     

2012:文艺学的回望与前瞻

经过新世纪十余年的激烈争论,中国的文艺学界开始逐渐冷静下来,一些更为重要的问题开始突显。文艺学应该处理好如下三种关系:文艺学学科与其他学科之间的关系;文艺学与新的文化现实的关系;文艺学与中西文论资源及文学基本问题的关系。文艺学的"名不符实"实际上为其自身提供了拓展跨学科研究的空间,回归"文艺"本位,增强"历史"意识应该是文艺学学科的选择;新的文化现实需要新的文学分析方法和理论工具对之进行更有效的解释,这正是文艺学学科的主要任务;立足于中西文论资源的学术史及对文学基本问题的激活,有助于确立我们在面对"新的文化现实"时的学术立场和提问方式。     

以“汉堡教学论模式”为基础的跨学科外语专业人才创新培养模式研究

跨学科外语人才培养应立足于专业的培养模式、课程设计、教学方法和学生自主学习能力等培养。本文依据"汉堡教学论模式",对社会环境、教学活动主体、专业学科性以及内容和方法的互融性、"自下而上"的自主选择性等四大要素进行分析,并以跨学科外语人才培养的目标模式改革为依托,对大连海洋大学跨学科外语人才培养进行有益探索,总结出实施过程中存在的一定问题并提出对策建议。     

论理工科大学社科科研管理的改革

STS所倡导的是一种跨学科、跨专业领域的意识和精神,可指导高校社科科研管理工作的改革。根据当前高校社科科研管理面临的新形势,理工科优势大学社科科研以STS理论和方法为指导,引证举例,提出了理工科大学社科科研体制改革的方法及途径。     

学科交叉、会聚与高校科技创新能力建设

随着科学前沿的不断突破,重大的原创性科技成果大多产生在学科交叉、会聚的过程中。学科交叉、会聚的跨学科研究已成为我国高校提升科技创新能力的重要手段。但是,目前我国高校开展学科交叉研究还存在制度和环境等制约因素。要化解这些制约因素,需要高校不断营造有利于科技创新的环境,改革大学基层学术组织机构,完善学术评价体系,汇聚创新人才和加强科技创新平台建设。     

Reflective Debriefing: A Social Work Intervention Addressing Moral Distress among ICU Nurses

ABSTRACT

Health-care workers may experience moral distress when they are unable to act as they believe is ethically appropriate in their clinical work. A social worker-facilitated protocol called Reflective Debriefing was developed and tested for alleviating moral distress through regular debriefings with nursing staff on an intensive care unit (ICU). Forty-two ICU nurses completed a Moral Distress Scale-Revised (MDS-R) at the beginning and end of a 6-month period, during which time regular debriefings were offered. The overall level of moral distress on the ICU surveyed was found to be low to moderate. The top three most frequent situations causing moral distress reported by most nurses in this study were related to the provision of nonbeneficial care in the ICU. Participants reported gaining the most benefit from feeling empowered to constructively confront other staff members about truth-telling in giving a prognosis. Nurses’ overall response to the intervention was positive, with 100% of participants requesting to continue the Reflective Debriefing sessions either on a monthly or on an as-needed basis. The response to the intervention emphasized the importance of interprofessional collaboration to successfully combat moral distress among health-care workers and may protect them from burnout, detachment, and even quitting their profession.     

Getting Unstuck: Interdisciplinarity and Aging

Continuing the dialog initiated by Scheff in the March issue of Sociological Forum, we reflect on some of the challenges involved in interdisciplinary research.     

From Emplaced Knowing to Interdisciplinary Knowledge

ABSTRACT

In this article, we discuss how experiential and unspoken ways of knowing produced through a video-based approach to sensory ethnography can be made meaningful and relevant to the applied practice of design and engineering scholars. We advance discussions of sensory ethnography by interrogating and making explicit the analytical processes that turn the sensory knowing of the ethnographic encounter into convincing accounts of everyday realities whilst engaging new sensitivities and ways of seeing that in themselves contribute to cross-disciplinary knowledge. We argue that through a more self-conscious appreciation of how and where experiential categories become applied knowledge the value of a sensory ethnography approach in design-centered energy research can be realized.     

没有儿童的儿童史(上)——对近代中国儿童史研究的回顾与反思

近代中国儿童史研究内容分四个方面,一是儿童被教育,包含国内教育、留美教育、相关人物思想及童子军等;二是儿童被保护,相关研究主要集中在儿童保育、难童、溺婴及童工等;三是儿童被认知,主要包括文学、书刊出版及儿童观等;四是儿童自身的研究,主要有学界对儿童的行为、事务的研究和成人的童年记忆叙述。比之于儿童被教育、被保护、被认知,有关儿童自身的研究太过单薄,不可相提并论。没有儿童的儿童史,准确地击中了近代中国儿童史研究的要害、薄弱之处。强化儿童自身研究,是近代中国儿童史学界的努力所在。