个人生物识别信息的公益诉讼制度优化研究

个人生物识别信息公益诉讼制度建立在信息的公共性基础之上,能有效改善信息个人的弱势处境,缓解公权力与私权利的内在张力。公益诉讼制度介入到个人生物识别信息保护中,其法律依据是《个人信息保护法》第70条。当前,在适用上还存在着适用条件不具体、起诉主体顺位难确定、举证责任未合理分配以及不同公益诉讼关系未厘清等问题,需要细化具体适用条件、明晰起诉主体顺位、公平分配证明责任以及整体把握不同公益诉讼的衔接与配合,从而保障个人生物识别信息公益诉讼制度在实践中有效落实,实现平衡信息主体间的利益,维护信息公共安全的目标。     

Machine Learning Vasicek Model Calibration with Gaussian Processes

In this article, we calibrate the Vasicek interest rate model under the risk neutral measure by learning the model parameters using Gaussian processes for machine learning regression. The calibration is done by maximizing the likelihood of zero coupon bond log prices, using mean and covariance functions computed analytically, as well as likelihood derivatives with respect to the parameters. The maximization method used is the conjugate gradients. The only prices needed for calibration are zero coupon bond prices and the parameters are directly obtained in the arbitrage free risk neutral measure.     

Modified likelihood ratio tests in heteroskedastic multivariate regression models with measurement error

In this paper, we develop modified versions of the likelihood ratio test for multivariate heteroskedastic errors-in-variables regression models. The error terms are allowed to follow a multivariate distribution in the elliptical class of distributions, which has the normal distribution as a special case. We derive the Skovgaard-adjusted likelihood ratio statistics, which follow a chi-squared distribution with a high degree of accuracy. We conduct a simulation study and show that the proposed tests display superior finite sample behaviour as compared to the standard likelihood ratio test. We illustrate the usefulness of our results in applied settings using a data set from the WHO MONICA Project on cardiovascular disease.     

Bivariate deconvolution with SIMEX: an application to mapping Alaska earthquake density

Constructing spatial density maps of seismic events, such as earthquake hypocentres, is complicated by the fact that events are not located precisely. In this paper, we present a method for estimating density maps from event locations that are measured with error. The estimator is based on the simulation–extrapolation method of estimation and is appropriate for location errors that are either homoscedastic or heteroscedastic. A simulation study shows that the estimator outperforms the standard estimator of density that ignores location errors in the data, even when location errors are spatially dependent. We apply our method to construct an estimated density map of earthquake hypocenters using data from the Alaska earthquake catalogue.     

公司年度会计稳健性计量方法适应性研究

准确计量公司年度会计稳健性是可靠检验会计稳健性经济后果的关键,以2006-2009年的中国上市公司数据采用不同方法相互校验的方式,实证检验了负应计和K&W(2009)会计稳健性指数这两种国内外最主要的公司年度会计稳健性计量方法在中国的适应性。实证研究发现,K&W(2009)会计稳健性指数在不同方法之间存在高度的一致性,而负应计在Basu模型法下具有一致性但不稳定,在盈余反转模型法下不一致,而在应计现金流模型法下一致但不显著。因此,在中国的现实制度背景下,在会计稳健性经济后果研究中应该采用K&W(2009)会计稳健性指数来度量公司的会计稳健性。     

A bias analysis of Weibull models under heaped data

Retrospectively collected duration data are often reported incorrectly. An important type of such an error is heaping—respondents tend to round-off or round-up the data according to some rule of thumb. For two special cases of the Weibull model we study the behaviour of the ‘naive estimators’, which simply ignore the measurement error due to heaping, and derive closed expressions for the asymptotic bias. These results give a formal justification of empirical evidence and simulation-based findings reported in the literature. Additionally, situations where a remarkable bias has to be expected can be identified, and an exact bias correction can be performed.     

论限制解雇原则下的劳动关系双方利益平衡

我国的劳动合同法第四十条对于解雇保护采取法定事由说,而劳动部此前的执法解释又压缩了＂劳动合同已经不能继续履行＂的语义空间,这就使得劳动法中的倾斜保护思想偏向于极端,对用人单位过于苛刻。同时第四十八条对违法解雇情况下劳动者要求继续履行劳动合同的权利做了较为刚性的保护,使得劳动合同单方解除制度进一步失衡。长期看应当建立一套以＂正当事由说＂为基础的解雇限制制度;短期则可以通过加强司法解释以及赋予司法部门更多自由裁量权的方式消除立法不科学的消极后果。     

改革是新形势下实现人民利益的有效路径——学习党的十七届五中全会精神

党的十六大以来,以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央领导集体,继续解放思想,坚持改革开放,推动科学发展,促进社会和谐,为践行人民利益观呕心沥血。＂改革＂作为决定当代中国命运的关键选择,成为贯穿中国特色社会主义事业始终的关键词,依然是党的十七届五中全会的核心理念。全会深入分析了今后一个时期我国经济社会发展的国内外形势,提出通过经济、政治、文化等方面的深化改革进一步实现人民经济、政治和文化利益。     

理学的张扬与自信心的凸显——论南宋中期辞赋创作的新变

理学的发展与自信心的恢复与张扬,是南宋中期学术文化方面非常显著的特征,辞赋创作的走向与之密切相关。辞赋创作在当时显现出一些新特征:理学与辞赋形成了一种互动的态势,辞赋成为宣扬理学观念、阐释理学教义的重要载体,也成为表达理学人生境界的重要载体;辞赋多感情饱满、个性张扬、恃才骋气,辞赋中的这种感悟更具有鲜明的现实意义和批判精神,很好地体现了微闻讥刺、诡文谲谏的特征;表现生活场景的赋作思想深度得到深化,以往的浅陋见识得到一定程度的提升;辞赋较之从前,辞章和立意更精致、更新巧,这与读书人对唐宋古文的重视、科场时文的程式化等密切相关。     

论海洋生态损害国家索赔诉讼制度的建立

海洋是人类赖以生存和发展的重要自然要素。日益严重的海洋环境污染导致海洋生态损害的增多。传统诉权制度的局限性造成海洋生态损害的法律救济存在制度缺陷。海洋生态损害国家索赔诉讼制度的建立具有现实紧迫性。通过对海洋生态损害索赔诉讼的性质、我国诉讼现状,以及其法律制度建立的必要性和可行性等因素的介绍分析,是提出构建我国海洋生态损害索赔诉讼制度的前提条件和必须予以考虑的重要环节设想。