学校心理咨询工作中的价值问题

学校心理咨询无法回避价值问题 ,同时对价值问题又有特殊的要求。本文在澄清心理咨询价值观层次及价值干预等概念的基础上 ,进一步讨论了学校心理咨询中的价值问题并提出了相应的改进措施。     

Cognitive therapy and behavioural coping in the management of work-related stress: An intervention study

Transactional models of stress emphasize the importance of cognitive appraisal of potential stressors in the determination of the stress response. This appraisal can be modified by the use of techniques normally associated with cognitive therapy. The contribution of a specifically cognitive component when intervening in work-related stress has not been well evaluated to date. This research seeks to determine the effectiveness of stress management training in the treatment of the work-related effects of stress by comparing the role of modifying dysfunctional cognitions with the teaching of appropriate behavioural coping strategies. Participants were allocated to one of two intervention conditions or to a waiting list control group. Those in the intervention conditions received group stress management either with the focus on delivering cognitive therapy techniques or with the focus on behavioural coping skills. Measures of general health were taken at the beginning and end of intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Participants in the cognitive therapy groups who were reporting symptoms of general ill-health at the start of the intervention showed a significant improvement at follow-up. Cognitive therapy appears to have been an effective intervention in work-related stress. Those in the behavioural group showed a smaller but still clinically effective improvement. Results are discussed in terms of methodological issues and implications for future research. It is suggested that changes in cognitive appraisal may need to be developed.     

论政府介入西部生态环境建设的合理性

因西部生态环境的公共产品属性、外部性特征以及环境信息的稀缺性导致生态环境建设领域存在市场失灵的问题,政府介入具有其理论基础。西部市场发育不足、生态建设主体素质较低以及生态建设工程的系统性和长期性等原因,政府介入同时具有广泛的现实依据。     

检察机关适时介入实践中的问题及完善对策

检察机关适时介入制度对于从重从快打击刑事犯罪活动而言,发挥着积极的作用。但实践中由于种种原因,该制度在执行的过程中也存在着若干问题。本文将这些问题归纳为4个方面。通过对原因的分析,提出了完善检察机关适时介入制度的5点对策。     

民法与经济法的经济学基础

民法是市场经济的基本法,是市场调节机制发挥作用的法律保障。经济法的概念及调整对象虽然学术界尚未形成定论,但大都定位在弥补市场缺陷,规范国家干预之上。如果说,成熟的经济学与幼稚的法学的提法过于偏颇,在市场与国家关系领域,经济学的确比法学成熟得多。运用经济学理论,对民法与经济法进行法律的经济分析,不失为科学界定二者调整范围的佳径。     

民事诉讼举证责任的分配

举证责任的分配是举证责任的核心问题。举证责任包括行为责任和结果责任两方面的含义。“谁主张,谁举证”的一般分配原则,不能合理、有效地解决结果责任的分配。结果责任的分配所要解决的问题是,当诉讼即将终结时若案件事实仍然真伪不明,由谁承担不利的诉讼后果。我国现行的司法解释,完善了举证责任分配的有关规则,但结果责任的分配,尚需确立明确的标准和分配的规则。民事诉讼证据立法需要从实体法和程序法进一步完善,公平、科学地解决举证责任的分配。     

Protecting children in Scotland: examining the impact of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995

This paper discusses findings from a small‐scale study of the impact on child protection practice following implementation of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995. The Act introduced three new measures to allow the state to intervene in families to protect a child where there is a risk of significant harm. These include the child protection order, the child assessment order and the exclusion order. The child protection order provides for the removal of a child to (or his or her retention in) a place of safety. In the first two years of the operation of the 1995 Act fewer applications were made for this order compared with similar provisions under the previous legislation. This reduction in applications appears to be related to unfamiliarity with new legislation; greater scrutiny resulting from the more formal application to the sheriff court; and the introduction of a new legal criterion for intervention, the presence or likelihood of ‘significant harm’. The introduction of the ‘no order’ principle into Scottish child care law is also likely to be a factor.     

大学生心理危机干预系统的建构

按照新形势下大学生心理健康教育工作的要求和“三贴近”原则，依据心理学、教育学、社会学、系统论和大学生心理发展规律及特点，结合笔者多年从事大学生心理健康教育工作的实践，建构了由六位一体的危机预防、四向交互式的危机预警、五级联动的危机干预三个子系统组成的大学生心理危机干预系统。并对系统的目标、对象、途径进行了深入的阐述。     

信用合作社的标准原则与国家干预的冲突--对我国农村信用合作社的考察

本文以信用合作社的本质特点———自愿、互助性、非赢利性与先天效率———为尺度,从我国农信社的实践出发,对信用合作社的标准原则与国家干预是否存在本质的冲突进行了探讨,指出我国的农村信用合作社在本质上已背离了合作制,成为具有合作特点的商业银行。     

Endocrine markers during a job intervention

An intervention consisting of a thorough examination of the psychological worksite problems and a follow-up with feedback and recommendations was made in four different office worksites. One of the sites («active» group) was more organizational change-oriented than the others («passive» group). The course was followed before, three times during the 3 months of the intervention, and 4 months after the end of it, by means of three endocrine plasma markers: cortisol, prolactin and testosterone. In both study groups the prolactin levels increased in women during the starting phase of the intervention, whereas in men prolactin levels remained stable with a tendency (p=0.06) towards lowered prolactin levels during the end phase of the intervention in the active group. Cortisol levels increased markedly in the passive group and tended to decrease in the active group during the intervention (two-way interaction p=0.003), particularly in men. These findings may be indicative of feelings of uneasiness. Testosterone increased in the active group only, particularly at the beginning of the intervention and particularly in women, and also increased in a non-intervention control group. Testosterone levels are associated with anabolic activity. An increase may be indicative of a «placebo effect» of the intervention. Testosterone changes were still clearly observable after 4 months.