Relationships of individual and organizational support with engagement: Examining various types of causality in a three-wave study

The challenges associated with facilitating an organizational environment that promotes work engagement and is supportive of employee psychological well-being are well documented. This study focused on the longitudinal relationships between work engagement and three supportive job resources: supervisor support, colleague support and individual perceptions of the wider resource of work culture support. The sample comprised 1196 employees of an Australian state police service, both police officers and civilian staff, who completed self-report surveys across three waves of data collection. Work culture support predicted higher supervisor support, colleague support and work engagement over time lags of 12 and 18 months. Furthermore, work engagement was a significant predictor of work culture support over the two time lags. Significant indirect relationships were also observed. With the large volume of work-related factors potentially influencing work engagement, the results of this research assist in clarifying the specific supportive job resources that impact upon work engagement over time. The paper discusses practical implications for the promotion of support and work engagement within high-stress occupations.     

Fired up with passion: Investigating how job autonomy and passion predict burnout at career start in teachers

This study examines a motivational premise of burnout: in order to burn out, an employee must first be fired up. Based on the dualistic model of passion, we propose that the types of passion – harmonious or obsessive – that drive novice teachers differentially affect the three components of burnout. We further propose that job autonomy (i.e. decision latitude) differentially predict the two types of passion for work. These hypotheses are tested in two studies conducted in Canada in teachers with five years' or less experience. Study 1, using a cross-sectional design, showed that job autonomy positively predicted harmonious passion but negatively predicted obsessive passion. Harmonious passion negatively predicted all three components of burnout, whereas obsessive passion positively predicted emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. A second, 12-month longitudinal study revealed unidirectional effects of job autonomy on the two types of passion. The results also showed unidirectional effects of harmonious passion on professional efficacy and obsessive passion on emotional exhaustion. Neither type of passion predicted cynicism over time. These findings suggest that a more nuanced understanding of passion is required to predict burnout at career start. Implications for theory and further research on burnout and passion for work are discussed.     

工作不安全感与情绪耗竭:情绪劳动的中介作用

工作不安全感作为组织变革过程中产生的重要压力源,不仅引发员工对工作持续性和稳定性的担忧,同时导致员工诸多心理健康问题.研究工作不安全感对员工工作态度和行为的作用机制,基于资源保存理论和压力源-压力框架,构建情绪劳动为中介的工作不安全感对情绪耗竭影响和作用机制模型,从资源角度阐述认知性工作不安全感和情感性工作不安全感如何通过情绪劳动引发情绪耗竭,运用层次回归分析、相关分析等统计方法对10家企业的197份样本数据进行模型检验.研究结果表明,认知性工作不安全感和情感性工作不安全感对情绪耗竭均有正向影响,工作不安全感通过表层扮演和深层扮演两种情绪劳动的方式消耗心理努力以导致情绪耗竭.因此,组织不仅可以通过调岗等人事管理方法增加个人组织匹配,还可以通过心理辅导等培训活动改变员工的工作态度,采取积极的方式缓解工作不安全感对情绪耗竭的负面影响.     

Employee demographics and job training satisfaction: the relationship between dimensions of diversity and satisfaction with job training

Human resource development professionals serve many diverse populations of learners in the workplace. They do so with limited resources which leads to a dilemma: How to most effectively and efficiently meet the needs of all learners in the workplace, given the different job duties, backgrounds, skills and abilities of each learner. This empirical study examines job training satisfaction among customer and technical service employees in nine different organizations in the US and Canada. The study concluded that there were no differences in job training satisfaction when examined with dimensions of diversity such as age groups, gender and race/ethnicity. There were differences in job training satisfaction, however, when examined with job type, job status, and job tenure.     

An exploratory factor analysis of workplace learning,job satisfaction,and organizational commitment in small to midsize enterprises in Taiwan

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to identify the factor structures associated with three Western-developed instruments (Small Business Workplace Learning Survey, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, hereinafter referred to as SBWLS, MSQ, or OCQ) used to assess workplace learning, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment when applied in a non-Western setting; and (2) to determine if individuals who differed in terms of selected demographic variables, differed in terms of the derived constructs. The factor analytic structure of each instrument which was originally established using Western samples was compared to the factor structure results obtained for an Eastern sample. Quantitative data were collected from employees in 26 small to midsize IT companies in Taiwan. A total of 206 valid surveys were obtained and analysed out of 450 that were distributed. The factor structure of each instrument generated from this study appeared to be substantially different from those obtained for the original instruments. The researchers suggest that the highlighted structure deviations reflect some culturally oriented factors which might be useful for developing more indigenous instruments. Regarding the participants' demographic variables, no differences in terms of SBWLS, MSQ, or OCQ were found for Gender, Age and Tenure. Marital status was significant in terms of MSQ and OCQ. Educational level was significant for SBWLS and OCQ.     

基层公务员工作压力与领导方式交互效应研究

随着服务型政府建设工作的日益推进,基层公务员的工作内容和范畴发生了深刻变化,压力问题日益凸显,这些变化对公务员工作满意度产生了一系列影响。同时,逐渐趋于年轻化的基层公务员群体受领导者行为风格影响颇深,领导风格的介入是否会改变工作压力与工作满意度间的传统关系值得深思与探讨。通过访谈、实地考察和问卷调研的方式,以安徽省217名基层公务员为样本,选取植根于中国本土文化家长式领导中的仁慈领导与威权领导两个维度,探讨双元工作压力与二维领导方式及其交互效应对基层公务员工作满意度的影响。研究发现,挑战性工作压力与威权领导间的交互效应和与仁慈领导间的交互效应分别对基层公务员工作满意度具有显著的负向和正向影响;阻碍性工作压力与威权领导间的交互效应和与仁慈领导间的交互效应对基层公务员工作满意度分别具有显著的正向和负向影响。     

心理契约对农民工工作绩效影响的实证研究

在正式劳动契约缺失或不完善的现实背景下,基于期望理论和社会交换理论,研究了农民工对雇主责任的履行与过往不履行责任的感知对其工作绩效的影响,同时探讨了期望匹配度的中介作用。研究结果表明,历史心理契约破坏对农民工的心理契约履行具有显著的负相关作用,历史心理契约破坏和心理契约履行均对期望匹配度具有显著的影响,期望匹配度还在心理契约履行与工作绩效的关系之间起着完全中介作用。最后,针对研究假设检验结果的启示和意义进行了探讨。     

领导-部属交换对员工工作压力的影响及其中介机制研究

以企事业单位的中基层管理人员的270份问卷为样本,采用多元回归对领导-部属交换对员工工作压力的影响及其中介机制进行分析研究。研究结果表明,领导-部属交换与员工工作压力为U型相关,与员工的领导支持感、工作满意度均为直线相关关系;领导支持感在领导-部属交换与工作满意度中起部分中介作用;工作满意度与员工工作压力为U型相关。研究结果为领导-部属交换负面效应的研究提供了中国情境下的经验验证,有助于把握领导-部属交换与员工工作压力的负面效应的作用方式和途径,使领导者意识到在实践中要关注"圈内人"身心健康,提高"圈外人"的领导-部属质量以降低员工的工作压力。     

大学生职业生涯规划存在问题及对策探究

摘要：在大众化高等教育的今天,不断扩大的高等学校招生规模,致使每届大学毕业生都面临空前的就业压力,导致社会出现一系列就业创业难题。寻找解决大学生就业问题的途径成为社会关注的热点问题,大学生职业生涯规划正是在这一背景下逐步得到全社会的重视。职业生涯规划又叫职业生涯设计,是指在个人发展与组织发展相结合的基础上,个人通过对职业生涯的主客观因素分析、总结和测定,确定一个人的奋斗目标,并为实现这一目标而预先进行生涯发展系统安排的活动或过程。目前,大学生职业生涯规划意识淡薄导致职业目标不明确,高等学校对大学生职业生涯规划教育重视不够,国家没有建立社会化大学生就业创业机制,因此,高等学校解决大学生职业生涯规划策略,一是强化大学生自主培养职业生涯规划意识做好适应社会的心理准备,二是重视和构建大学生职业生涯规划教育模式,三是国家应给予大学生就业与创业的优惠政策环境。