基于ANSYS/LS DYNA的移动式压力容器动态碰撞仿真分析

运用有限元和瞬态动力学的有关理论和方法对移动式压力容器受碰撞后的安全性进行了研究。首先采用三维建模软件建立了移动式压力容器运输车的实体模型,然后分别利用有限元分析软件ANSYS和瞬态动力学仿真软件LS DYNA对模型进行前处理分析和求解计算,分别得到车速为60 km/h车尾受到碰撞时车架、压力容器罐体、组合支座及相关辅件的动态碰撞应力响应情况。计算结果表明：车架及连接螺栓失效,但有效降低了对压力容器罐体的冲击,基本保证了其安全性,并为今后的优化设计提供了理论支撑。     

基于“粮食安全视角”的耕地面积需求分析——以陕西省为例

＂粮食安全＂是关系到国家发展与社会稳定的基本问题。在影响粮食安全的众多因素中,＂耕地面积＂是否重要,粮食安全是否需要既定耕地面积地保障,学术界在这些问题上一直存在较多的争议。文章利用陕西省相关社会统计数据,对陕西省＂粮食安全＂与＂耕地面积＂的关系进行了实证分析,并在此基础上预测出粮食安全的前提下一定时期陕西省所需耕地面积。研究结果表明：1990~2009年间陕西省粮食生产与耕地面积相关,但耕地面积并不是影响粮食生产的主要因素;在保持现有耕地面积相对稳定的基础上,依靠科技进步,提高粮食单产,是该省未来增强粮食生产能力的主要方向;按照以往技术进步比率计算,在保证粮食安全的前提下,2020、2030年陕西省保障粮食安全所需的耕地面积分别约为3 379.91千公顷、3 266.38千公顷。     

社会支持对新生代员工组织变革应激的影响研究

社会支持各因素对不同组织变革应激存在影响。利用自编组织变革压力问卷和工作社会支持问卷对新生代员工进行调查,结果显示不同社会支持与特定组织变革压力存在显著相关;路线模型探索显示社会支持各因素对特定组织变革压力具有显著预测力。     

中学教师工作压力与职业倦怠的成因分析及解决方法

职业倦怠问题是目前中学教师培养乃至于学校发展中所遇到的无法回避的问题之一。研究中学教师的职业倦怠的成因对于解决教师职业倦怠问题,促进教师素质培养和学校发展具有十分重要的意义。文章通过研究和分析教师职业倦怠问题的原因探讨了如何解决教师职业倦怠问题。     

Evaluation of the Stress Adjustment and Adaptation Model Among Families Reporting Economic Pressure

ABSTRACT

This research evaluates the Stress Adjustment and Adaptation Model (double ABCX model) examining the effects resiliency resources on family functioning when families experience economic pressure. Families (N = 128) with incomes at or below the poverty line from a rural area of a southern state completed measures of perceived economic pressure, family hardiness, social support, and the McMaster Family Assessment device. The family resiliency model was evaluated using regression and two path analyses. Results of the model evaluation indicate that when family resiliency resources are introduced economic pressure is not a significant stressor influencing family functioning. Family resiliency is a key to the healthy functioning of the family unit moderating distress and decreasing the negative effects associated with economic pressure. Implications for social work practice to enhance family resiliency using community and personal supports are discussed.     

Non-parental childcare,time pressure and the gendered division of paid work,domestic work and parental childcare

What impact does out-sourcing childcare have on the time parents spend on paid work, domestic work and childcare, and how they share these tasks between themselves? Using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Time Use Survey (TUS) 2006 we investigate the effects of formal and informal non-parental childcare on the time use of couples with children aged 0–4 years (N=348). We examine associations between non-parental care and (1) couples' combined time in paid work, domestic work and childcare, (2) parents' time separately by gender in paid work, domestic work and childcare (subdivided by activity type) and (3) parents' self-reported time pressure. Total workloads (the sum of paid work, domestic work and childcare) are neither higher nor lower when non-parental care is used, either for households combined or for each gender separately. The way time is spent, and how activities are divided by gender does differ, however. For mothers the use of any non-parental care and more hours in formal care is associated with more paid work hours, less childcare time and higher self-reported time pressure. Fathers' time is more constant, but they report higher subjective time pressure with increasing hours of formal non-parental care.     

Relation between hand grip strength,respiratory muscle strength and spirometric measures in male nursing home residents

Abstract

Adverse-outcomes related to sarcopenia are mostly mentioned as physical disability. As the other skeletal muscles, respiratory muscles may also be affected by sarcopenia. Respiratory muscle strength is known to affect pulmonary functions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relations between extremity muscle strength, respiratory muscle strengths and spirometric measures in a group of male nursing home residents. Among a total of 104 male residents, residents with obstructive measures were excluded and final study population was composed of 62 residents. Mean age was 70.5?±?6.7 years, body mass index: 27.7?±?5.3?kg/m² and dominant hand grip strength: 29.7?±?6.5?kg. Hand grip strength was positively correlated with maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) (r?=?0.35, p?<?0.01 and r?=?0.26, p?<?0.05, respectively). In regression analysis, the only factor related to MIP was hand grip strength; among spirometric measures only parameter significantly related to grip strength was peak cough flow (PCF). The association of PCF with grip strength disappeared when MIP alone or “MIP and MEP” were included in the regression analysis. In the latter case, PCF was significantly associated only with MIP. We found peripheric muscle strength be associated with MIP and PCF but not with MEP or any other spirometric parameters. The relation between peripheral muscle strength and PCF was mediated by MIP. Our findings suggest that sarcopenia may affect inspiratory muscle strength earlier or more than the expiratory muscle strength. Sarcopenia may cause decrease in PCF in the elderly, which may stand for some common adverse respiratory complications.     

The Time-Pressure Illusion: Discretionary Time vs. Free Time

People’s welfare is a function of both time and money. People can – and, it is said, increasingly do – suffer time-poverty as well as money-poverty. It is undeniably true that people feel increasingly time pressured, particularly in dual-earner households. But much of the time devoted to paid and unpaid tasks is over and above that which is strictly necessary. In that sense, much of the time pressure that people feel is discretionary and of their own making. Using data from the 1992 Australian Time Use Survey, this paper demonstrates that the magnitude of this ‘time-pressure illusion’ varies across population groups, being least among lone parents and greatest among the childless and two-earner couples.     

电动喷枪噪声源识别的实验研究

针对某型电动喷枪存在噪声过大的问题,通过声压测试实验对电动喷枪5个工况下的A计权声压级进行分析,并对空载情况下的整枪1/3倍频程谱进行分析,得出壳体振动是产生电动喷枪噪声的主要原因。并将各噪声源分离出来,从而提出通过改变壳体结构减少振动的方法来降噪。     

高校青年教师心理压力现状与缓解策略探讨——以浙江师范大学为例

文章认为,高校青年教师心理压力来自教学、科研、教学经验和知识储备、职业发展的机制与环境、高校管理体制改革等方面。高校青年教师心理压力的缓解策略应从学校管理制度、评价机制、青年教师身心等多角度加以考虑。文章在对浙江师范大学261名青年教师抽样调查的基础上,就高校青年教师的心理压力现状和缓解策略问题作了分析探讨。