财政压力下的日本制度变迁研究

本文应用新制度经济学的研究方法,探讨财政问题对政府主导型制度变迁的影响。战后日本在经济赶超过程中形成的"强政府干预"发展模式越来越不能适应内外环境的变化,改革势在必行。但由于日本的"强政府干预"模式是一个长期形成的稳定且复杂的系统,而政府主导的改革又无异于"自我革命",因而制度变迁是困难的。本文通过对日本上世纪80年代以来政府改革的动因——效果(即"政府、企业、个人"关系变化)的考察,认为财政危机是构成日本制度变迁的"硬约束",财政压力是日本经济高速增长结束后"官主导"模式演化的直接起因。     

The psychosocial work environment of district nurses in Sweden

Data were collected from a stratified sample of district nurses in the greater Stockholm area on four occasions during one year using questionnaire techniques (to assess psychosocial working conditions and social networks, and self-reported health sums); as well as physiological measurement techniques. Three groups of district nurses were compared: group A, those working independently in the 'traditional' role but outside primary health care centres; group B, those working independently in the 'traditional' role but in primary health care centres; and group C, those working in the model role as part of primary health care teams. The study focused on the effects of these different work environments on the district nurse's psychological and somatic health, and their physiological state.

The data suggested that district nurses in the primary care teams (group C) had a lower objective work load than those working in the more traditional role. Despite this, they reported a less favourable balance (ratio) of work demands to decision latitude. They reported more 'problems' and 'conflicts' at work than did the other district nurses. However, such 'problems' were diminishing during the study period, which could mean that successive adaptation to the 'new' situation was occurring. The 'conflicts', on the other hand, remained. This may indicate that despite this adaptation, the district nurses in the primary care teams were struggling with their new work roles. It points to the need for organizational support during this important change process. The district nurses in group B (traditional role but in a primary health care centre) had the highest objective work load and showed physiological reactions in terms of elevated plasma cortisol levels in the morning, high systolic blood pressure and sleep disturbances.     

员工压力及其调适

本文从考察压力源入手，通过分析压力对组织效率和员工身心健康的影响以及导致压力体验差异的因素，提出了心理调适的原则和方法     

振筒式传感器准确度目标规划优化模型及解

用改进单纯形算法求解振筒式压力传感器准确度的优化模型．经计算机解算求得最佳拟合方程及国产某振筒式压力传感器的准确度数据     

一种用于人发中微量元素铬测定的新消化方法

本文用原子吸收分光光度法测试人发中微量元素铬的含量,用1:1的硝酸,在高压消化罐中消化处理发样,测试结果,比之用其他化学方法消化发样,测试精度高,回收率好,一般在96%～107%.且节省试剂,操作简单,是目前较理想的样品消化方法.     

Individual differences in the perception of occupational stress and their association with blood pressure status

Casual blood pressure (BP) was recorded in a sample of 217 working adults. A questionnaire was used to obtain subjective reports of job stress. comparisons were made between a group with elevated BP and a normotensive group. The high BP group appeared to perceive more stress. In particular, scores on the role conflict, job versus non-job conflict and type A scales reliably differentiated the groups. In contrast, for the job satisfaction items, no difference between the groups was observed. There appeared to be some association between reported occupational stress and BP level.     

侧壁射流对突扩通道流动特性的影响

讨论了垂直于突扩通道主流方向的侧壁射流对壁面压力系数、传热系数及主回流区长度的影响．采用标准κ-ε双方程湍流模型，对侧壁射流突扩通道中的流场进行了数值模拟，计算结果表明，侧壁射流位置越靠近入口，主回流区长度越短，最大压力系数位置前移，其数值增大，局部表面传热系数也增大．根据计算结果，拟合出了当侧壁射流速度与突扩通道入口平均流速之比等于2．0时，主回流区长度与侧壁射流位置的关系式。     

高压水射流冲击特性分析及实验研究

本文应用流体力学基本原理给出了高压水射流冲击压力的基本关系式,进行了实验验证,得出了冲击压力随靶距、泵压的变化曲线。     

对“液压系统中工作压力形成原理实验”的研究

介绍了工作压力形成原理实验装置上进行液压虹的起动压力、抽空现象和速度稳定性等问题的实验方法。提出了挖掘现有实验设备潜力,深化液压教学改革的思路     

磁悬浮列车穿越隧道引起的压力波传播规律研究

在对Fluent软件进行二次开发的基础上，对磁悬浮列车穿越隧道引起的压力波进行了三维数值模拟，得出了隧道内的压力波时程曲线。并将隧道内的压力波动情况与列车的运行情况相结合，对压力波在隧道内的传播规律进行了详细的分析和解释，这对磁悬浮铁路隧道的设计提供了理论基础。