幼儿冒险游戏水平与抗挫折能力的关系：自我效能感的中介作用

为考察幼儿冒险游戏水平与抗挫折能力的关系,及考察自我效能感在两者关系中的中介作用,本研究随机选取浙江省杭州市148名幼儿为被试,通过任务测评法评定幼儿的冒险游戏水平和自我效能感,通过教师问卷评定报告幼儿的抗挫折能力。结果表明：幼儿冒险游戏水平、自我效能感、抗挫折能力发展良好;冒险游戏水平直接正向预测抗挫折能力,并通过自我效能感间接预测抗挫折能力。     

幼儿园传承非物质文化遗产路径探析——以龙岩客家非物质文化遗产为例

非物质文化遗产是文化的重要组成部分,包括传统口头文学以及作为其载体的语言与传统美术、音乐、礼仪、节日庆典等民俗。随着经济的发展,城镇化与城市化进程加快,在客家方言被冷落,客家民俗被淡化,客家非物质文化遗产的传承面临挑战。政府及教育部门应该引起足够重视,作为学校教育基础阶段的幼儿园应该承担起相应的责任,通过幼儿园的教改活动,搭建家园合作平台,以及整合社会资源等措施,形成多种路径共同保护客家非物质文化遗产的良好局面。     

双语学习对儿童词汇意识的影响

关于双语学习对儿童词汇意识的影响,学界观点不一,解释机制多样.综述分析目前的研究发现:双语学习对儿童词汇意识的负面影响是不存在的,且仅是理论上的;尽管双语学习可能会导致双语者的词汇量减少,但是词汇意识测试中的双语劣势不是源于双语学习本身.双语学习对儿童认知的影响是正面的,尤其是有利于加工控制能力和选择注意能力等发展,从而促进了儿童词汇意识的形成和发展.     

Parenting Disputes After Separation and Divorce: Who Needs a Family Lawyer?

Australia's family law system continues to be plagued by serious delays. This article acknowledges the need for legal interventions in post‐separation parenting disputes in which individuals may be at risk, or in cases of genuine emergency. The article next contrasts cases involving significant risk or urgency with the many ‘ordinary’ (even if sometimes complex) post‐separation disputes over parenting in which these circumstances are not present. I argue that in such cases, legal advice, legally informed dispute processes, and court hearings are remnants from earlier attitudes to separation and divorce. These interventions are expensive, frequently destructive of ongoing parental relationships, and at their heart, inappropriate for considering the needs of children. They also divert time and resources from the critical investigative and legal decision‐making processes needed in urgent or risk‐related cases. I propose that legal narratives in ‘ordinary’ post‐separation parenting disputes be replaced by narratives focused on the main drivers of these disputes, which are invariably expressed in terms of relationship difficulties. Such narratives are amenable to facilitative, therapeutic, and systemic interventions aimed at achieving self‐determined resolutions. They contrast markedly with narratives reflecting common law notion of normative resolutions derived from the application of legal precedent. Key issues in the first section of the article are then teased out via the reflections of an imaginary separated parent in an ‘ordinary,’ albeit difficult and emotionally intense, dispute about how to care for the children. In the final section, I offer brief clinical and systemic reflections on past practice and on future narratives focused on individual self‐determination.     

Supporting foster and kinship carers to promote the mental health of children

The majority of children and young people removed from the care of their parents by the state of Victoria, Australia, reside in foster or kinship care. These children have experienced a broad range of adverse conditions and are up to 4 times more likely to experience problems with mental health than their mainstream peers. This paper draws on the perspectives of foster and kinship carers, describing the disconnection between their role as mental health advocates and their interest in early intervention in a field which is dominated by crisis and the historic marginalisation of foster and kinship carers. Thirty‐one foster and kinship carers across greater metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, contributed to this study through interviews and focus groups. Participants demonstrated a practical understanding of mental health and an ability to identify a range of conditions that have an adverse impact on the mental health of children and young people in their care. The paper concludes that there is a lack of systemic support and even a range of barriers that affect the capacity of foster and kinship carers to promote the mental health and well‐being of the children and young people in their care.     

关于幼儿双语教学可行性的探讨

文章主要从幼儿的语言学习能力角度分析幼儿双语教学的可行性,运用乔姆斯基的语言天生说和语言学习临界期的观点,得出儿童学习语言具有成人所不具备的优势,并引用国外学者的研究成果来进一步证实此结论.在此基础上分析了外语学习对幼儿语言、认知及社会性方面发展的促进作用以及在幼儿双语教学中应注意的问题.旨在让读者更加了解幼儿双语教学,并结合本地区在师资等教育资源方面的具体情况来实施双语教学,以促进我国幼儿双语教学的发展.     

孤残儿童的机构照顾与社会融合

机构照顾是我国目前孤残儿童福利服务的主要模式,对孤残儿童的衣、食、住、行、医有了较全面的保障,并为这些特殊儿童提供了安全、健康的集体环境。但随着我国改革开放的不断深入,儿童福利照顾的理念和照顾模式也在发生新的变革,跟很多发达国家的发展经历相似,在照顾模式中,改革、变化的趋势是:从大机构到小机构的转变,从机构照顾到家庭寄养和家庭收养模式的转变。本文重点探讨国外孤残儿童机构照顾的实践及其反思,以及我国孤残儿童机构照顾模式存在的问题,特别在社会融合方面存在的缺陷。试图分析孤残儿童走向社会融合的可能途径,并以上海市儿童福利院为例,从现实操作层面来看这些途径的有效性。     

农村低龄留守儿童现象分析与思考

针对目前农村中出现的留守儿童低龄化的新现象,笔者通过调查研究对其现状、原因进行分析,认为让留守儿童生活在一个不完整的家庭当中,错过开发智力的最佳时期,落后的传统文化将在他们身上留下烙印,指出低龄留守儿童现象是中国社会从农村社会向城市社会转变的必然产物,是中国社会转型过程中付出的代价。     

社会工作介入留守儿童服务的方法与技巧——以XY市某社区为例

中国社会的急剧转型,城镇化进程加速,产生了一个特殊的农民工群体。随之出现数百万留守儿童。调查发现,85％以上的留守儿童是由祖父母隔代监护和亲友临时监管,而年迈体弱、文化素质较低的祖辈监护人难以满足孩子的学习辅导和生活监护的需要。加上家庭教育的缺失,学校与家庭之间的沟通不畅,家庭和学校监护不力,导致相当数量的留守儿童产生厌学、逃学、辍学等现象。作者从社会工作的角度出发,从留守儿童本身,留守儿童家庭、学校、社会等方面入手,提出三种切实可行的介入应对措施,即社会工作急需介入留守儿童的个案咨询和辅导、介入留守儿童互助支持小组活动、介入留守儿童家庭的亲子沟通。