虐童的刑法规制及儿童福利体系的构建

基于虐童现象的普遍性以及后果的严重性，虐童行为的规制成为必要，但方式应该是通过立法，而非司法。对于实践中以司法方式实现虐童入罪的做法，应当摒弃，并肃清其背后的理念、逻辑。虐童入罪固然必要，但是问题的解决更应该走向刑法之外，通过儿童保护及福利体系的建立，从根本上减少虐童现象的发生。     

Supporting Care Leavers to Fulfil their Educational Aspirations: Resilience,Relationships and Resistance to Help

Most children in state care do not do as well in school as their peers, but the period of leaving care and transition to adulthood may offer a ‘turning point’ for positive change. Based on a small study of care leavers in England, this article employs the concept of resilience to explore the significance of supportive relationships in enabling this group of young people to make decisions about their future and encouraging them to overcome setbacks in educational attainment.     

The Role of a Bio-Ecological Assessment System in Writing a Culturally Sensitive Report: The Importance of Assessing Other Intelligences

This article shows how the bio-ecological assessment system is applied in assessing a child’s cognitive intelligence beyond a psychometric intelligence test. The authors conceive of intellectual behavior as an inextricable bio-ecological phenomenon and argue for an assessment system consistent with this conception. The recognition that there are many types of intelligences (such as musical and bodily kinesthetic) is discussed. The article presents a cursory review ofhow to assess the other intelligences ofa child and how to incorporate this into a culturally sensitive report. A case sample via a psychological report demonstrating this model is presented with the goal of showing how the psychological status of minority children can be enhanced if ,psychologists adopt an integrated approach to assessment by way of a bio-ecological model. The case presented is that of a child with deficient cognitive functioning on the psychometric tests, but advanced functioning on the “Other Intelligence Assessment Measure.” Diagnostic impressions are given and implications for report writing and intelVentions are suggested.     

Children Born of Wartime Rape: Rights and Representations

The ongoing conflict in Darfur has once again served to highlight the threat of sexual violence that women face during times of war. Yet, although sexual violence in wartime has existed probably for as long as war itself, it is only in more recent times that its recognition as a crime under international humanitarian law has taken place. Moreover, although it is recognized that women may conceive as a result of such wartime rape, largely missing from the international rights framework, and from the discourse that surrounds it, is a consideration of the children – or ‘war babies’ – who are born as a result. This article places the focus upon ‘war babies’ by considering the reasons for their current marginalization as a category in international discourse. In addition to examining such marginalization within existing theoretical analyses, this article also analyses the potential for their incorporation within the wider rights framework: first, in terms of international legal practice and; second, in terms of the actions of civil society. The final section concludes.     

Mothers’ ideals and experiences of raising children in inner and outer suburban Melbourne,Australia

Parents’ perceptions of their neighbourhoods are important for child health outcomes. This study compared views among mothers in inner versus outer suburbs of Melbourne, Australia using a mixed methods approach. Mothers of preschool-aged children were recruited via playgroups, mother’s groups and preschools and interviewed face-to-face regarding their local area as a good place to raise a family, with a second open-ended interview focussing on mothers’ ideals and experiences of raising children in their current location. Findings demonstrated that mothers had different ideals for, and experiences of, raising their children in their neighbourhoods. Inner suburban mothers valued a manageable work/family balance and access to public transport over the size of their homes. However, access to childcare, secondary schooling and heavy traffic were issues, with the latter two being reasons for moving from the municipality. In contrast, outer suburban mothers preferred a larger home in neighbourhoods that they perceived as low crime, over accessibility to work. Access to a car and activities for their children were also important. Findings suggest no ‘one size fits all’ in respect to what features mothers expect from a good place to raise a family, or how they experience these features. This has implications for service delivery and social planning of suburbs.     

Mortality following conjugal bereavement,Belgium 1991-96: The unexpected effect of education

This paper examines excess mortality following spousal bereavement by time since bereavement, sex, age, and education. The main hypothesis challenged is that higher education buffers the harmful effects of spousal loss. Using a log-rate model, death-rate ratios (widowed/married) are estimated for 49,849 and 126,746 Belgian widowers and widows and an equal number of non-bereaved controls matched to the bereaved on their socio-demographic characteristics. The hypothesis that the more educated suffer less excess mortality is not supported. Although higher educational levels are associated with lower mortality in general, they do not alleviate the effects of bereavement. On the contrary, in the period immediately following spousal loss, the more highly educated seem to have more, rather than less, excess mortality. Three possible arguments are suggested to account for this: education-related differences in the partner-relationship, structural differences in the availability of appropriate social support, and cultural differences in potential support networks.     

多子多福？——子女数量对父母健康的影响

常言道“多子多福”，调查的数据是否支持该论断呢？本文利用《城市居民家庭生活调查》数据研究了子女数量对父母健康的影响。为了解决子女数量内生性问题，本文在估计中使用了工具变量的方法进行分析。研究结果显示当不考虑内生性问题时，子女越多的父母亲其健康自评水平越高，但当使用工具变量进行估计时子女数量对父母的健康自评产生了显著的负面影响。本文分析还发现子女数量对男性健康自评的负面影响要大于对女性健康自评的影响。这可能是因为相对于女性而言，子女越多男性抚养子女的压力越大导致的。     

论幼教建筑环境

我国在幼儿教育方面虽有了“开放式教育”,但当前托幼建筑空间组合方式多是分隔、封闭的格局,因而,为幼儿提供一个能提高他们生活、交往和与游戏相适应的良好的建筑环境,显得颇为重要。着重从幼教建筑环境要顺应新的教育思想和方式以及为幼儿的广泛社交创造条件的角度,来探讨托幼建筑环境的创造,以期对幼教建筑环境的改善和提高有所帮助。