中重度智障儿童语言康复——从事语言康复的特教教师的经验与困境

通过深度访谈两名从事中重度智障儿童语言康复的特教教师,了解特教教师开展智障儿童语言康复的原则、内容、策略、效果与存在的困难.资料的整理、分析显示,特教教师教育与康复结合,以语言为主、认知和精细动作辅助、以语言理解为重点对智障儿童进行语言康复;更多使用与教育相关的策略,有限地使用口部运动治疗法.特教教师从事语言康复面临专业学习不够、缺乏有经验的指导者和现有语言康复策略很难运用于智障儿童等困境.     

厄德里克儿童文学中的印第安性书写

文章从印第安人的动物崇拜、祖先崇拜,以及印第安人的家园意识三个层面入手,以文本细读的方式分析厄德里克的儿童文学四部曲。该四部曲充盈着印第安的民族灵魂和血脉,是对印第安民族的宗教信仰、风俗习惯和民族性格的精妙注解。厄德里克以其赤子之心将碎片化的印第安人和印第安文化刻画并展现出来,续写着印第安人的历史与记忆。在全球化如火如荼、民族文化日益难以为继的当下,厄德里克对印第安民族性的书写无疑使得由世界不同民族构成的总体文化更加灿烂多彩,凸显出深刻的人类学意义。     

Speed Mentoring in Teaching and Learning: Young people with experience of the care system mentor social work students

The value of listening and talking to young people with experience of the care system has been recognised as a vital and positive contribution to social work students' learning. A model of co-production was used to develop a series of speed mentoring events whereby social work students placed in local authority children and family settings were mentored by young people with experience of the care system. This tentative review of this small-scale project shares the authors' critical reflections on the value and reliability of this model, for evaluating the outcomes of co-productive mentoring relationships between young people and social work students. The reversal of the power dynamic between student and service user contributed to the unsettling of assumptions about each other and empathy for each other's role. The student authors reflect on learning about the child's experience that has influenced their practice. The mentor authors welcomed the opportunity to participate in the development of ‘young people friendly’ social workers. Suggestions are made as to how this model could be developed to contribute to a more systematic approach to the role of service users in mentoring, advising and contributing to the supervision process of students and social workers.     

Barriers to the Uptake of Emergency Accommodation by Young Runaways and Thrown‐out children and the Role of the ‘Transitional Person’

Young runaways and thrown‐out children, under‐16, face a number of barriers to accessing safe emergency accommodation. The need for such accommodation is not always apparent because children sometimes make themselves invisible to services through fear of being returned or fear of being removed from inappropriate accommodation. Young people's retrospective accounts of their experiences suggest the importance of a ‘transitional person’, an adult who has a pivotal role in trust‐building and who acts as a conduit to services and helps runaway and thrown‐out children overcome internal and external barriers to uptake of emergency accommodation.     

认知方式与线索提示对学龄儿童基于事件前瞻记忆的影响

通过严格控制实验程序,首次考察认知方式和线索提示对8岁、10岁、12岁学龄儿童EBPM的影响,并分析学龄儿童EBPM的发展趋势后发现：（1）8-12岁儿童EBPM能力仍在持续向前发展;（2）认知方式在儿童EBPM加工过程中扮演着重要角色,对年幼儿童（8岁和10岁）来说,场独立者更善于完成EBPM任务,而对12岁儿童来说,场独立者与场依存者都可以很好地完成EBPM任务;（3）线索提示有助于学龄儿童完成EBPM任务,并能弥补场依存儿童EBPM能力上的不足。研究结果支持PM多重加工理论。     

农村留守儿童教育问题的回顾与反思

20世纪80年代以来,伴随着中国城市化进程的加快,越来越多的农村剩余劳动力流入城市,由此产生的农村留守儿童教育公平问题已成为中国社会转型期一个独特的社会问题,引起了广泛关注和重视。但从现实和政策评估的角度看,留守儿童在卫生保健、安全、学习、品行、心理等方面的问题依然存在,并影响他们公平接受教育。留守儿童的教育问题长期得不到解决表明,留守儿童教育问题的解决是一个长期、复杂、系统的工程。家庭、学校、政府、社会都对留守儿童问题有了一定程度的认识,但父母与子女分离导致的教育缺失问题、学校存在的管理失控与教育失误问题等值得进一步的反思与探讨。     

‘I’m not really sure but I hope it’s better’: early thoughts of parents and carers in a regional trial site for the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme

The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is one of the most significant initiatives in Australian social policy history. Its complexity has been compounded by a fast-paced introduction and ongoing refinement throughout the initial trial phase. Parents and carers of very young disabled children face particular challenges accessing and navigating NDIS systems. This article presents findings from a mixed-method pilot study examining the perspectives of parents and carers of disabled children in one NDIS trial site – the Hunter Region of New South Wales. The research highlights a number of policy assumptions potentially impacting on NDIS take up for young disabled children and their families in regional contexts. Based on research findings a number of policy suggestions and improvements for disabled children and their families entering the NDIS and other individualised funding schemes are outlined.     

‘Keeping the story alive’: is ethnic and racial dilution inevitable for multiracial people and their children?

This paper explores how multiracial parents with White partners articulate narratives of ethnic and racial ‘dilution’ and cultural loss in relation to the socialization of their children. In our broader study of how multiracial parents raise their children, we found that parents commonly spoke of concerns around dilution and generational change in relation to four key themes: the loss of cultural knowledge and diminishing practices that connected parents and their children to a minority ancestry; the embodiment of White‐appearing children and the implications of this for family relationships; the use of biological or genetic discourses in relation to reduced blood quantum; and concerns amongst Black/White participants about whitening and the loss of racial consciousness. Parental understandings of dilution varied greatly; some expressed sadness at ‘inevitable’ loss; others were more philosophical about generational change; and others still proactively countered loss through strategies to connect their children to their minority heritages. We show that despite growing awareness of the social constructedness of race and an emergent cosmopolitanism among these parents, discourses of genetics, cultural lineage, and the ‘naturalness’ of race continue to hold sway amongst many multiracial parents.     

Environmental Exposures to Metals in Native Communities and Implications for Child Development: Basis for the Navajo Birth Cohort Study

Two disparate statistics often cited for the Western United States raise concern about risks for developmental disabilities in Native American children. First, 13 of the states with the highest percentage of Native American population are located in the Western United States (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010 (U.S. Census Briefs, January, #C2010BR-10). Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-10.pdf [Google Scholar]). Second, more than 161,000 abandoned hard-rock mines are located in 12 Western states (General Accounting Office, 2014 General Accounting Office. (2014, July 14). GAO-11–834T: Abandoned Mines. Information on the number of hardrock mines, cost of cleanup, and value of financial assurances. Statement of Anu K. Mittal, Director, Natural Resources and Environment Team, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-11-834T [Google Scholar]). Moreover, numerous studies have linked low-level metals exposure with birth defects and developmental delays. Concern has emerged among tribal populations that metals exposure from abandoned mines might threaten development of future generations.     

Johnson's Differentiation Theory: Is It Really Empirically Supported?

Michael Johnson's differentiation of “types” of domestic violence has had a significant impact on courts and providers, in part because of its claim to an empirical basis. Unfortunately, the label “situational couple violence” has already been used by judges and evaluators to minimize abuse claims in custody cases. Johnson's repeated assertion that SCV is the most common form of domestic violence reinforces the marginalizing of domestic violence. But what do his data actually show? Here Professor Meier takes a close look at the research Johnson relies on and finds that it fails to prove his thesis. Rather, the data suggest that Johnson has it exactly backward: Control-based abuse is probably far more common than “situational” domestic violence.