竞争环境下的以旧换新策略

企业通过对拥有旧产品的老消费者提供以旧换新补贴能够提升自身销量与利润。然而,面临竞争对手时企业的以旧换新决策是否会受到影响?本文求解了先后进入市场的双寡头竞争企业所面临的以旧换新与定价博弈均衡,并分析了竞争存在与否对于企业以旧换新策略产生的影响。研究结果表明,第一,面对竞争时企业的定价决策受到市场中老消费者比例、两家竞争企业各自新产品的创新提升水平、老产品的使用残值这四个因素的共同影响。第二,当老产品残值相对较低而市场中老消费者数量适中时,两企业均不提供以旧换新可能成为博弈均衡,而其他条件下,两企业均提供以旧换新为博弈均衡。第三,先进入的企业没有动机单独为消费者提供以旧换新补贴。第四,竞争对手的存在对于先进入企业自身的以旧换新决策与相应的定价策略都产生了显著的影响。     

企业家认知资源与管理创新决策:理论与案例实验

本文旨在探讨企业家认知资源的异质性及其对管理创新决策的影响。运用案例实验法进行了实证检验,研究结果表明:企业家的经验和社会资本是企业家的异质性认知资源,引致了企业家和非企业家管理决策方案在创新性和适用性上的异质性;在没有社会资本的支持下,企业家经验与管理决策方案创新性之间呈倒U型关系,对方案的适用性有正向影响;而在社会资本可得的情况下,企业家经验与社会资本均对方案的创新性和适用性有显著的增强效应。     

“新熊彼特”式产业演化模型及其应用研究

基于演化经济理论,建立了"新熊彼特"式的产业演化模型,分析由不同企业组成并有新企业持续随机进入的产业竞争动态,分析产业内各个企业的投资决策、R&D策略、技术创新以及产业特征的其他方面之间的相互作用.并应用该模型仿真计算了劳动密集型、技术密集型产业的演化.仿真结果表明,该模型很好地再现了两种类型产业的演化过程中呈现出来的典型事实,为中国产业结构优化升级的思路提供了理论依据.     

Flexible parametric estimation technique for a competing risks model with unobserved heterogeneity: a Monte Carlo study

We analyse a flexible parametric estimation technique for a competing risks (CR) model with unobserved heterogeneity, by extending a local mixed proportional hazard single risk model for continuous duration time to a local mixture CR (LMCR) model for discrete duration time. The state-specific local hazard function for the LMCR model is per definition a valid density function if we have either one or two destination states. We conduct Monte Carlo experiments to compare the estimated parameters of the LMCR model, and to compare the estimated parameters of a CR model based on a Heckman–Singer-type (HS-type) technique, with the data-generating process parameters. The Monte Carlo results show that the LMCR model performs better or at least as good as the HS-type model with respect to the estimated structure parameters in most of the cases, but relatively poorer with respect to the estimated duration-dependence parameters.     

The internal relocation premium: are migrants positively or negatively selected? Evidence from Italy

This paper analyzes the wage returns from internal migration for recent graduates in Italy. We employ a switching regression model that accounts for the endogeneity of the individual's choice to relocate to get a job after graduation: the omission of this selection decision can lead to biased estimates, as there is potential correlation between earnings and unobserved traits, exerting an influence on the decision to migrate. The empirical results sustain the appropriateness of the estimation technique and show that there is a significant pay gap between migrants and non-migrants; migrants seem to be positively selected and the migration premium is downward biased through OLS estimates. The endogeneity of migration shows up both as a negative intercept effect and as a positive slope effect, the second being larger than the first: bad knowledge of the local labor market and financial constraints lead migrants to accept a low basic wage but, due to relevant returns to their characteristics, they finally obtain a higher wage than the others.     

Panel regression models for measuring multidimensional poverty dynamics

This work concerns the study of poverty dynamics and the analysis of the influencing socio-demographic factors. A fuzzy and multidimensional approach has been chosen in order to define two different poverty measures. A panel regression model has been estimated and particular attention has been paid to the treatment of the unobservable heterogeneity among longitudinal units. The specified model combines autoregression with variance components. The empirical analysis has been conducted using the data set of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) from 1991 to 1997. This work was co-financed by Murst funds for the projects “Occupazione e disoccupazione in Italia: misura e analisi dei comportamenti”. The paper is the result of the common work of all the authors; in particular G. Betti has written Sects. 2,5.1 and 5.3.1; A. D’Agostino has written sections 4, 5.2 and 5.4; L. Neri has written Sects. 1, 3, 5.3.2 and 6.     

增加劳动报酬：实现体面劳动与尊严生活的关键——基于马克思劳动力价值理论的阐释

增加劳动报酬是实现体面劳动与尊严生活的关键,是马克思劳动力价值理论时代化的内在要求,也是构建和谐社会的应有之义。在市场经济条件下,企图撇开市场机制来增加劳动报酬是不符合市场经济体制改革的价值取向,最终也无法达到利益合理调整的目标。正确理顺政府与市场之间的关系,发挥政府配置资源＂公平＂之职责,是提高劳动者收入的重要环节。     

传统性别分工对选用女性干部的影响——基于湖南省某市两次干部考试的思考

当今各级政府干部选用,性别因素在一定程度上起着一定作用,从而导致女性参政处于不利地位。究其原因最为关键的是传统性别分工所带来的影响所致,这种影响主要表现在两个方面：一是它导致了性别刻板角色的形成;二是它强化了带有偏见的社会性别文化。     

论我国劳动基准法律制度的完善

针对《劳动基准法律制度》在制度设计和实践运作中存在的一些问题,从现实及理论对其进行分析,提出从劳动基准法律制度的指导思想入手,通过制定专门的《劳动基准法》,完善劳动基准实施的监督保障机制,维护劳动者集体谈判权,解决社会保险执行中的问题等方面对其完善的建议。     

毛泽东教育思想新论

毛泽东是伟大的马克思主义者,伟大的无产阶级革命家、战略家和理论家,同时也是一位伟大的马克思主义教育家。毛泽东非常重视学生的全面发展,要求教育系统要培养德智体全面发展的社会主义建设者。针对新中国成立初期,工农文盲多、科学文化素质低的状况,毛泽东贯彻教育为广大工农群众服务和教育与生产劳动相结合的方针,积极开展农民业余教育,并施行半农半读制度。