重新认识马克思的劳动价值论

文章在分析马克思劳动价值论的两个基本特性——批判性和科学性以及劳动价值论产生以来所面临的挑战的基础上,阐述了马克思劳动价值论的当代意义,力图从真理性与价值性的统一上进一步解读马克思的劳动价值论。     

从天下中心到世界一隅——近代中华世界观地理坐标之变迁

传统的中华世界观不仅认为中国在地理上处于中心地位,而且认为中华文明也是世界上最高等级的、普世性的文明。然而,随着近代以来中国与西方列强间对抗的屡屡受挫,国人为了救亡图存而不得不向西方学习,在这个过程中传统文明观念不断受到冲击,最终使得国人对于西方文明的认识、对于中华文明与西方文明间关系的理解发生了巨大的、颠覆性的转变。在不到一百年的时间段里,中华文明在国人心目中从中心迁于边沿,成为了居于世界一隅的地方性文明,这一转变过程既是痛苦的,又是复杂的。     

论同化劳动与人的全面发展

本文从马克思的劳动理论中提取了同化劳动的概念,阐述了同化劳动的含义、根据、特点及其历史演变过程,论述了同化劳动与人的全面发展的关系,提出同化劳动是人的全面发展的基础和根据的观点,以图在理论上和实践中为人的全面发展的实现寻找一个主要的切入点。本文的结论是:人的全面发展是社会主义社会全面进步和发展的主要目标,社会主义现实中所具备的同化劳动的主流是迈向这一目标的基础和根据,不断提升和扩张同化劳动的质与量的过程,就是人的全面发展的渐进性的实现过程。     

试析我国农村剩余劳动力的转移

大量农村剩余劳动力的存在一直是制约我国农业、农村和整个国民经济发展的瓶颈。本文通过研究国内外农村剩余劳动力的转移方式,认为从长远观点看,农村剩余劳动力的“半转移”形式并不适合我国国情,而应将乡镇企业发展和小城镇建设作为吸纳农村剩余劳动力的主要载体。并阐明了与这种转移方式相配套的机制转变的必要性。     

对外劳务合作是实现重庆市富余劳动力就业的战略举措

分析国际劳务合作的现状,阐释重庆市开展国际劳务合作的基本思路,就亟待解决的几大问题提出建议。     

Child labour measurement: Whom should we ask?

Funding decisions to support vulnerable children are tied to child labour statistics, hence the importance of an accurate measurement. The author analyses whether the type of respondent plays an important role in explaining variations in child labour statistics. Using data from two sites in Tanzania, the analysis shows that “whom we ask” matters considerably when estimating the prevalence of child labour. The results suggest that prevalence increases by approximately 35 to 65 per cent when using child self‐reports rather than proxy reports. This bias affects 14 to 31 per cent of the sample, depending on the indicator. Discrepancies decrease as the child ages and increase if proxy attitudes demonstrate opposition to child labour.     

Focusing on Focusing Events: Event Selection,Media Coverage,and the Dynamics of Contentious Meaning‐Making

Despite the prevalent assumption among scholars of social movements and contentious politics that transformative contentious events are also the focus of public attention and discussion, there has been little attempt to substantiate this. After making a case for why to focus on focusing events and suggesting that these events should be thought of as products of a dialogical contentious meaning‐making process, we develop a coverage attribute‐based method for identifying focusing events. For illustrative purposes, we apply our method to the coverage of contentious events during the “first” intifada by Israeli‐Jewish, Jewish settler, and Palestinian newspapers. Findings from analyses of 11,868 news items reveal that newspapers are likely to strategically quiet contentious events that are strategically amplified by newspapers affiliated with opposing or targeted parties, and vice versa, depending on their interpretation of these events as political opportunities or threats. Analyses of variations across and within contending parties reveal the role of structure and agency in the dialogical seesaw‐like dynamics of contentious meaning‐making.     

Unreasonable adjustments: the additional unpaid labour of academics with disabilities

Abstract

Two recent contributions to this section have drawn attention to the barriers which academics with disabilities have to navigate in academia where ableism “is endemic” (Brown and Leigh, 2018 Brown, N & Leigh, J (2018) Abelism in academia? Where are the disabled and ill academics. Disability & Society, 33 (6): 985–989.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]: 4). Hannam-Swain (2018 Hannam-Swain, S (2018) The additional labour of a disabled PhD student. Disability & Society, 33 (1): 138–142.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) highlighted the additional intellectual, emotional and physical labour required of her as a disabled PhD student, and Brown and Leigh (2018 Brown, N & Leigh, J (2018) Abelism in academia? Where are the disabled and ill academics. Disability & Society, 33 (6): 985–989.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) queried “where are all the disabled and ill academics?” However, Brown and Leigh primarily focus on those with invisible “conditions” and the dilemmas raised by disclosure in a context where such conditions negate academic status and credibility. In contrast, since my “disability” is visible, I do not share the dilemma/“luxury” of secrecy. My presence announces my status before me, and this negates my personhood altogether in academic settings. It also places a burden of additional unpaid labour upon me which has significant mental health and career impacts as well as violating principles of equality.     

需要·实践·人的解放

需要与实践的矛盾运动是人类社会存在和发展的基本条件。在私有制下,人的需要发生了异化,主要表现为：无穷拥有财富的需要,剥削控制他人的需要,精致与粗陋的需要,把劳动作为谋生手段的需要。同时,满足人的需要的劳动也与需要发生了分离和对立。马克思认为,消灭需要的异化过程也就是人的解放的实现过程,觉悟了的无产阶级通过阶级斗争消灭私有制是消灭需要的异化的必要条件,而生产劳动实践和自然科学对人的生活的改造则为人的解放准备了物质条件。     

Emotions and cosmopolitan sociability: Barriers and opportunities for intercultural encounters amongst new Chinese migrants in New Zealand

Emotions matter, particularly in experiences of migration. This article explores how emotions are involved in everyday intercultural encounters and the role of emotions in generating cosmopolitan sociability in the context of migration. The article is based upon qualitative research with 80 Chinese 1st and 1.5 generation migrants in New Zealand. We focus on ‘contact zones’ as social spaces where migrants have uneven opportunities to encounter cultural others and where ‘emotional dissonance’ can emerge through unsuccessful intercultural exchanges. In order to generate a sense of comfort and familiarity in such conflicted spaces, migrants need to invest in ‘emotional labour’ to engage in more cosmopolitan sociability as an attempt to transform ‘contact zone’ to ‘comfort zone’. Through this article we argue that emotions can both promote and encourage, but also undermine and limit the capacity to perform cosmopolitan sociability and build intercultural relations.