德性优先于权利--对社群主义伦理的一种解读

社群主义伦理通过批判新自由主义权利伦理的两个命题,即"自我优先于目的"和"(自由或正义)权利优先于德性",确立了"目的优先于自我"和"德性优先于(自由或正义)权利"的原则.社群主义伦理旨在揭示新自由主义权利伦理所存在的内在人格或品德解释力的缺陷,力图以社群的历史传统说明自我人格和德性的生成及发展,希望恢复一种自然的德性生活,即一种人性的、历史的、社群的、社会的道德生活.     

平等:自由主义与社群主义

在当代自由主义与社群主义的争论中,平等是一个重要问题。自由主义在西方是主流,代表人物是罗尔斯。社群主义是主流思想的挑战者,代表人物是沃尔策。罗尔斯主张“民主的平等”,沃尔策宣扬“复合平等”,而两者在平等基础问题上所提供的解释都是不能令人满意的。     

《边城》美学意蕴新论

《边城》的美学意蕴幽深丰盈,耐人寻味。作品不仅建构了一个由自然美、风俗美、人情人性美相融而成的恬和秀美的“边城世界”;还讲述了一个曲婉动人的爱情故事,并在其中注入了作者丰富多彩的生命体验。毋庸讳言,《边城》并非完美无缺,它的思想缺憾与作者所持的自由主义文学观息息相关。     

为世界祛魅——四位一体的现代化进程趋演

韦伯在对于现代性的研究过程中,将现代化的历史过程称为理性化。人类在社会理性化过程中达到了为世界祛魅的效果,运用一种推理与计算的工具,否认价值的先在性,从而得出人的主体性、多元价值的存在、价值中立等自由主义的元素,使得自由主义成为现代社会最基本的意识形态和最基本的组织原则。这无疑将社会整体思维、个体行为选择、政府权限演变和价值的整合置入统一的逻辑架构。     

试析印度人民党经济思想的发展变化

印度人民党的经济思想经历了从甘地社会主义观念,到司瓦德西思想,再到自由主义政策的发展历程,这样的变化调整与社会政治形势发展是密切相关的。在不同的政治发展阶段,印度人民党依靠民族主义和现实的社会经济政策赢得选民的支持,体现了印度人民党作为具有宗教民族主义特征的现代政党,教派主义与现实主义两手抓的政治动员策略。     

Being Judged,Being Assessed: Young People’s Perspective of Assessment in Youth Justice and Education

Research from the Economic and Social Research Council programme on Pathways Into and Out of Crime prioritised young people’s ‘voices’ in exploring experiences of crime and a range of intervention services. Drawing on data from interviews with 110 young people, this paper explores their perspectives of professional assessment. Embedded within neo‐liberal youth welfare policies are a number of contradictions. Policies encourage ‘individualisation’, ‘responsiblisation’ and ‘self‐realisation’ while also needing to maintain control and regulation of ‘risky’ populations. This paper explores the implication of these contradictions through examining the experiences of young people being assessed in youth justice and education. The impact on their identities as neo‐liberal citizens is discussed in the conclusion.     

违宪审查与民主的悖论——从自由主义的视角分析

自由主义是违宪审查制度的思想根源,而民主则存在着堕落为群氓政治的危险。民主并不适用于经济领域,应当被严格限制在政治领域。在自由与民主之间必须保持张力,并使民主定位于自由主义,从而转化为宪政民主。这样,民主为违宪审查提供合法性基础,违宪审查确保民主的良性运行。     

公法哲学的两种进路——卡尔·施米特《宪法学说》评析

《宪法学说》是施米特最为重要的公法哲学著作之一,其理路在于,紧急状态下的专政体现了国家的本质特征,而实定的宪法则是政治统一体的总体决断;由宪法律确立的议会民主不能超越政治决断本身,遇有这种危险发生,应当通过宪法律中的专政条款加以制止。相反,另一种公法哲学即自由主义进路则否定国家的自在性,认为国家的正当性只能从个人权利中推演出来,国家不能超越授权侵犯国民。尽管这两种公法哲学都有逻辑上的缺陷,但在不同国家、不同历史环境下实施的效果却不相同。选择适合本国土壤的公法模式并在实施过程中尽力弥补它的缺陷,才是公法哲学发展的正当路径。     

Devolution in a ‘Stateless Nation’: Nation‐building and Social Policy in Scotland

The implications of the 2011 Scottish election and the proposed referendum on Scottish independence for the future of social policy across the devolved UK are profound but far from certain. It is crucial to understand not only the historical nature of this conjuncture but to develop an adequate conceptual understanding of the place of social policy in the dialectic between state and nation in Scotland. To this end, we critically examine theories that depict Scotland as an essentially ‘stateless nation’ in the light of recent developments. In so doing, we examine the implications for social policy of the changing character of statehood in Scotland, the nature of civil nationalism, and the problem of legitimacy in Scotland for the UK as a multinational state. As the architecture of statehood is re‐negotiated, strong centrifugal pressures are being created for a more distinct divergence of social policy in Scotland from the rest of the UK regardless of the outcome of the independence referendum. Policy‐making is ensnared in a series of tensions, not just between Westminster and Holyrood but also, more broadly, tensions between competing principles of social justice and territorial justice, and competing demands between welfare nationalism and competitive nationalism.     

Decency and the Liberal International (Dis)Order: Moral Limits and the Possibilities of a Global Pluralist Politics

This article analyzes the tension between the liberal ideals of freedom and equality and cultural difference. It argues that decency has become intertwined with the fragility of the liberal international order by providing a problematic threshold of international justice. The idea is that as global pressures mount for protecting the human dignity of persons/peoples, they also congeal or harden decency’s political and social constraints (impartiality, neutrality, and basic rights enforcement) on engaging others. Decency as a moral threshold of international justice, the article claims, has become static or a self-reinforcing limitation. This contradictory decency/dignity dynamic of the liberal international order not only explains how states have aggressively asserted their interests by absorbing these constraints, but also how politics can limit the pragmatic potential to bridge the various social gaps in values and belief systems. This article seeks to conceptualize a pluralist ethos that shows how such constraints can be reimagined as, or turned into, the conditions of possibility/freedom that transition us to a global pluralist politics. It concludes with a discussion of the refugee crisis and Islamism, showing how both cases resonate the felt stigmatization and alienation within the liberal international order.