Job loss and family adjustments in work and schooling during the Mexican peso crisis

We use individual data from a panel of families during the depth of the peso crisis in Mexico to investigate whether the transition of the male household head from employment into unemployment affects the labor force participation of his spouse and children. We find that significant added-worker effects are in operation especially for adult females (wives), but no evidence that the labor force participation, the school attendance, and the likelihood of advancing to the next school grade of teenage males are influenced by the event of unemployment of the household head. The head's unemployment is significantly associated with a higher probability that teenage females do not attend school. However, lower attendance does not appear to impede their advancement to the next grade.

Pregnancy after loss during the COVID19 pandemic

BackgroundRapid changes to how maternity health care is delivered has occurred in many countries across the globe in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Maternity care provisions have been challenged attempting to balance the needs and safety of pregnant women and their care providers. Women experiencing a pregnancy after loss (PAL) during these times face particularly difficult circumstances.AimIn this paper we highlight the situation in three high income countries (Australia, Ireland and USA) and point to the need to remember the unique and challenging circumstances of these PAL families. We suggest new practices may be deviating from established evidence-based guidelines and outline the potential ramifications of these changes.FindingsRecommendations for health care providers are suggested to bridge the gap between the necessary safety requirements due to the pandemic, the role of the health care provider, and the needs of families experiencing a pregnancy after loss.DiscussionChanges to practices i.e. limiting the number of antenatal appointments and access to a support person may have detrimental effects on both mother, baby, and their family. However, new guidelines in maternity care practices developed to account for the pandemic have not necessarily considered women experiencing pregnancy after loss.ConclusionBereaved mothers and their families experiencing a pregnancy after loss should continue to be supported during the COVID-19 pandemic to limit unintended consequences.     

Loss and grief: The experience of transition to residential aged care

There is growing recognition of the experience of non-death-related loss and grief. One unexplored area of non-death-related loss and grief is associated with older people’s transition from home to residential aged care (RAC). This paper reports findings from a qualitative study that explored the experiences of people living in RAC, carer-relatives of people living in RAC and RAC staff. Using theories of loss and grief, the paper identifies features of the transition to RAC that are associated with unresolved loss and maladaptation to changed circumstances, and the types of support that would mitigate these. Using a series of focus groups with both residents and carer-relatives, as well as staff, the study found that residents and their families need more support to negotiate the multiple, often necessarily hasty decisions and bureaucratic requirements associated with transitioning to RAC, while simultaneously experiencing loss and grief. The types of support that families would welcome from service providers include facilitating shared decision making, valuing family and community carer expertise and providing practical information and assistance to fulfil administrative obligations.     

考虑风险规避的秘书问题求解的一个启发式方法

秘书问题是一类序贯观察与选择问题,描述了动态的信息搜索与决策过程.针对现有的以寻找满意解为目标的启发式方法存在诸多局限,提出了新的启发式方法,该方法基于当前观测中侯选项在已观察侯选项中的相对排名、待观测侯选项数量以及决策者的抱负水平,决策者可以通过设定抱负水平灵活决定该启发式方法的结果导向.推导了该启发式方法的性能指标,并通过仿真的方法与已有启发式方法的性能进行了比较.结果发现,该启发式方法在最终选择的侯选项的期望排名和稳定性,以及风险解的避免上均优于已有的启发式方法.     

当事人诉讼权利平等分析

当事人诉讼权利平等原则是民事诉讼法的特有原则之一,研究该原则及其相关制度对于学习和实施民事诉讼法具有十分重要的意义.我国现行民事诉讼法对保障该原则的相关制度并不完善,笔者在对该原则进行理论分析的基础上,指出现行民事诉讼法中答辩、撤诉、缺席判决以及上诉制度的不足之处,从而对相关制度的重构加以设想,提出如下对策:建立答辩失权制度,健全撤诉制度,完善缺席判决制度,设立禁止不利变更原则.     

沿海滩涂的“零净损失”法律制度研究

“零净损失”法律制度发端于美国,是美国为了保护其湿地而设立的一项制度。这一制度已经得到世界上不少国家的采纳,其实施有效保护了湿地。沿海滩涂作为湿地的重要组成部分,具有非常重要的生态功能,需要进行“零净损失”的保护,而且其所具有的动态性也使得这一制度在我国具有可行性。沿海滩涂的“零净损失”法律制度不仅包括面积的零净损失,也包括生态环境质量的零净损失。因而其法律制度是一个系统的内容。     

关于施工企业财务存在的问题及对策

施工企业在拉动国民经济增长、启动内需等方面起到了举足轻重的作用。但由于种种原因,财务亏损面日益扩大,整个行业经济状况严重滑坡,许多企业举步维艰。要想扭转不利局面,政府主管部门应帮助其完善现代企业制度,强化社会商业信用监管,维护“合同法”的严肃性,严格执行按工程拨款和决算制度。同时企业本身也要加大清欠力度,用法律手段维护自己的合法权利。     

中国商业银行的资本结构与风险规避——基于“三性”原则的分析

基于我国10家商业银行2001-2010年的面板数据,文章通过实证模型分析了我国商业银行资本结构与风险规避间的关联性.在商业银行安全性、流动性、盈利性“三性”原则统一的框架下,对其面板向量自回归模型的研究发现:商业银行的股权集中度与不良贷款在短期内正相关,而与流动比率负相关;附属资本与不良贷款率负相关,而与盈利能力正相关.鉴于此,文章提出相应对策建议:一是政府退出直接干预,国家相对控股;二是引进战略投资者,适度分散股权集中度;三是应加快商业银行公司治理改革进程.     

税收流失的新思考

税收流失不仅导致国家财政收入的减少,而且扭曲了市场经济体制下政府与市场经济主体之间的分配关系。文章用博弈论对税收流失的成因从理论上加以分析,并结合我国国情,借鉴国际经验,提出一系列综合治理税收流失的对策建议。