生态治理中地方与中央政府的“智猪博弈”及其破解

在生态治理中,地方政府面临着高成本、低收益的问题,导致其缺乏执行相关政策的积极性,从而与中央政府形成了经济学上所讲的"智猪博弈"的局面.破解"智猪博弈"需要科学划分中央与地方政府在生态治理上的事权财权,全面引入"绿色GDP"绩效评价指标体系,逐步实现"区域限批"制度化,不断完善生态治理问责制度,进一步健全生态补偿机制.     

Games With Discontinuous Payoffs: A Strengthening of Reny's Existence Theorem

We provide a pure Nash equilibrium existence theorem for games with discontinuous payoffs whose hypotheses are in a number of ways weaker than those of the theorem of Reny (1999). In comparison with Reny's argument, our proof is brief. Our result subsumes a prior existence result of Reny (1999) that is not covered by his theorem. We use the main result to prove the existence of pure Nash equilibrium in a class of finite games in which agents' pure strategies are subsets of a given set, and in turn use this to prove the existence of stable configurations for games, similar to those used by Schelling (1971, 1972) to study residential segregation, in which agents choose locations.     

浅谈晚清时期的吕宋票

近代中国最早出现的彩票是由菲律宾的西班牙殖民政府发行的吕宋票。从19世纪60年代到1898年间,吕宋票在中国广为流传,民众趋之若鹜,大量的财富外流,清政府几经禁售而收效不大。透过吕宋票我们看到的是一段时代的变迁和屈辱的历史。     

Sex hormones and choice under risk

We study the correlation of choice under risk in Holt–Laury lotteries for gains and losses with gender, the use of hormonal contraceptives, menstrual cycle information, salivary testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol as well as the digit ratio (2D:4D; length of the index finger to the ring finger of the right hand) in more than 200 subjects (45% females). In males, salivary testosterone is negatively correlated with risk aversion for gains only. In females, salivary cortisol is positively correlated with risk aversion for gains only. No other significant correlations between risk preferences and salivary hormones are observed. No significant correlations between risk preferences and the menstrual cycle are observed in naturally cycling females. No significant correlations between risk preferences and the digit ratio are observed in either gender and/or race.     

教育彩票发行决策与管理模式研究

发行教育彩票势在必行.我国彩票(含教育彩票)发行与监管体制必须进行改革,形成新的发行与监管模式.教育彩票发行决策过程中,要广泛吸纳公众的有益建议并做好试点工作,合理确定所筹集资金的投放方向,以取得良好效益.应加强对发行教育彩票所获公益金分配与使用过程中的监管,防止出现腐败现象,减少损失与浪费,提高资金使用效益.     

机动车限牌的社会福利影响和最优配额研究

为了应对日益严重的交通拥堵和空气污染问题,中国越来越多的大城市采取限牌政策来控制机动车保有量的增长.通过估计北京、上海、天津和南京4座城市机动车使用外部成本,和消费者对机动车牌照的支付意愿(willingness to pay,WTP),对拍卖、摇号和混合3种机动车限牌政策的社会福利影响进行了定量分析.实证研究结果表明,摇号模式带来的社会福利损失最大,拍卖模式带来的社会福利损失最小,混合模式带来的社会福利损失居中.与最优牌照配额相比,2012年北京和上海的真实配额存在138亿元和28.6亿元的社会福利净损失.如果4座城市采用最优配额和牌照拍卖制度,在控制机动车数量增长的同时,将获得10亿到200亿不等的可用于城市交通基础设施建设或公共交通补贴的可观的财政收入.     

清末彩票的泛化与走向

随着晚清政府的日趋衰败,朝廷拟设国家彩票以解财政困窘,各地方各行业亦纷纷开设千奇百怪的彩票。清末彩票的泛滥,使其迹近赌博,遭致了最终被禁绝的命运。     

An Analysis of the Distribution of Combinations Chosen by UK National Lottery Players

This paper is concerned with the behaviour of lottery players when they get to choose their own numbers. Most lotto players do not pick combinations at random, but prefer more idiosyncratic techniques when they fill in the play grid. This is highlighted when the actual distribution of combinations for a single draw in the UK National Lottery is examined. A new model of gambler choice is developed and specified, and the resulting distribution of combinations fitted to the empirical data. Various implications of the model are discussed, such as the expected value of lotto tickets for different types of player.     

“智猪博弈”模型改进与国企监督激励机制研究

国有企业绩效差与经理、员工的监督激励不对称有关.对博弈论中"智猪博弈"模型进行了分析改进,并结合产权学派的探讨,将大猪、小猪与国企经理、员工相对照,从而得出建立员工和经理的双向监督激励机制才是国企增效根本出路的结论.     

Lottery Decisions and Probability Weighting Function

This article analyzes the implications of basic lottery tests for the probability weighting function w(p). We first show that the w(p) function with one argument cannot accommodate three basic tests of lottery choice. We also discuss in detail the links between the w(p) function with one argument and the preference reversal paradox. In the last section we propose an evaluation function that accommodates the restrictions imposed by the tests and we provide an example of such function.