公益彩券的公益目的及其制度保障

公益彩券的公益目的是公益彩券立法的基本价值.我国公益彩券在资金的分配、发行费用的流向、彩券公益金的用途等方面有违公益彩券的公益目的.完善公益彩券的运行体制是保障公益彩券之公益目的的根本途径,具体包括三个方面:一是设立独立的发行、监督和盈余分配机构;二是建立民意参与的机制;三是推进公益彩券发行机构的市场化.     

我国体育彩票业管理中存在的问题与对策研究

为了使我国体育彩票业得到健康有序的发展,促使我国体育彩票走向良性的发展轨道,针对我国体育彩票业的管理现状与存在的各种问题,对加强我国体育彩票业的管理进行理论探讨,并对如何促进体育彩票业的进一步发展提出具体的对策建议,具有现实意义。     

我国彩票业对经济的影响分析

首先从彩票业对财政与税收、就业和拉动消费需求等方面分析彩票对我国经济影响;在此基础上进一步对彩票对体育和福利事业发展的影响进行探讨。最后,使用灰色系统模型对彩票业与宏观经济的关系作了关联分析。     

彩票合同新解

彩票合同有力说主张彩票合同兼具买卖合同与射幸合同双重属性。然而,彩票合同的成立既重视当事人的合意,又强调彩票清洁有效作成及至交付,剥开“购买”、“销售”等立法上与国际“接轨”的外在形式,唯有赠与合同方能彰显彩票发行之始的公益目的,体现彩票的制度利益及社会公共利益。传统上对于彩票合同系赠与合同的理论建构因简单划一而广受批评。事实上,依照彩票资金管理“收支两条线”的原则,彩票合同作为有奖募捐合同可“一分为二”：其一为面向社会大众的格式化募捐合同,其二为针对持票人的附解除条件的赠与合同,后一合同具有射幸特征。在赠与合同的理论框架下,彩票既是证明双层赠与关系成立的凭证,又是彩票发行机构准予彩民兑奖的证券。赠与合同新解有利于保障彩票各方的合法利益,防控彩票发行的道德风险,实现彩票司法的简易高效,促使彩票制度在市场机制下规范、有序、健康地运行。     

Locked into gambling: anticipatory regret as a motivator for playing the National Lottery

Four hundred and eighty-five people were asked about their intentions to play the National Lottery in England a week prior to the introduction of a new midweek draw. We predicted that those people who played the Saturday game with a regular set of numbers would be more inclined to play the new midweek game than those who had not established a routine of using the same set of numbers. We further predicted that their motivation to play would derive from a feeling of 'anticipatory regret'—a sense that they would find it intolerable to discover their regular numbers had been drawn when they hadn't purchased a ticket. Results supported both of these predictions, and an interpretation of the data is given in terms of the circumstances most likely to trigger such counterfactual reasoning.     

略论民国彩票

彩票是以抽签给奖方式进行筹款而发行的凭证。彩票自清末从国外传入后,经过国人的不断演绎,到了民国时期,规模逐渐扩大,呈现“社会化”趋势,同时也暴露出“无序性”的特点。究其原因:民国时期政治黑暗、社会制度的残缺与官员的腐败、军阀混战、经济窘迫以及舆论的误导都给彩票的无序操作提供了温床。而彩票的泛滥又纵容了黑恶势力的发展,破坏了正常的商业秩序,加剧了社会的贫困与矛盾。这是整个民国时期社会动荡的一个重要原因。     

彩票合同四题

彩票合同以国家政府特许为前提,具有正当性和合法性,区别于赌博合同。彩票合同的内容可通过解释彩票游戏规则加以确定。彩票合同的履行具有阶段性特点。彩票欺诈可以发生在彩票的发行、销售及开奖各个环节,履行阶段的欺诈不同于缔约阶段的欺诈,后者属于合同可撤销的事由,而前者属于违约。建议对彩票欺诈行为增设惩罚性赔偿责任。     

Brief Communication: “If You Do Not Gamble, Check This Box”: Perceptions of Gambling Behaviors

Most adults in the U.S. have participated in one or more gambling activities. However, many people engage in gambling activities without considering themselves as gamblers. Four hundred and forty-nine university students returned surveys about their participation in gambling activities. After completing a questionnaire recording the style and frequency of gambling participated in, respondents were asked to indicate whether or not they gambled. Results indicated that gamblers participated in twice as many forms of gambling activities as those who classified themselves as non-gamblers. Scratch tickets and lottery tickets were not generally considered gambling unless purchased frequently. Casino visits, bingo, dog races, football pools, golf matches, local poker games, and other card games were more likely to be viewed as gambling, especially when engaged in frequently. Subjects who had gambled on at least one occasion with bookies, dice games, video poker in a bar, dog or cock fights, or off track betting almost always identified themselves as gamblers. It is recommended that further research be conducted to clarify the gambling activities, and frequency of those activities, that influence a person's perceptions of gambling.     

Money Does Not Induce Risk Neutral Behavior,but Binary Lotteries Do even Worse

If payoffs are tickets for binary lotteries, which involve only two money prizes, then rationality requires expected value maximization in tickets. This payoff scheme was increasingly used to induce risk neutrality in experiments. The experiment presented here involved lottery choice and evaluation tasks. One subject group was paid in binary lottery tickets, another directly in money. Significantly greater deviations from risk neutral behavior are observed with binary lottery payoffs. This discrepancy increases when subjects have easy access to the alternatives' expected values and mean absolute deviations. Behavioral regularities are observed at least as often as with direct money payoffs.     

保险产品创新的博弈:理论综述及政策建议

保险业竞争已趋于＂白热化＂,创新型的保险产品也日益成为保险公司新的业务增长点。文章通过博弈模型,分析保险公司在进行产品创新过程中是选择创新,还是模仿的动因,分析纳什均衡条件,明确产品创新中＂搭便车者＂的存在,我国保险企业在产品创新上形成智猪博弈,根据博弈分析结果提出针对性建议。