欧盟企业合并控制法实体标准的演进

基于不同的政治经济背景,欧盟企业合并控制法先后实行了行为主义、结构主义和效果主义三个实体标准。从实体标准的变化我们可以得出该法演进的三个规律:从推动一体化到顺应全球化的转变,从政治考量到技术考量的转变,以及保持与产业政策的一致性。这种演进的规律对我国制定企业合并控制法具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Collective Leadership and Circles: Not Invented Here

Issues like police-community relations, violence—from neighborhood to global levels, economic inequality, and climate change have been only minimally addressed within behavior analysis, despite the oft repeated mantra that they are all at root behavioral. Disciplines determine the scope of their interests; behavior analysis and behavioral systems analysis have long claimed at least potential expertise in changing not only individual behavior, but also the collective and interlocking functioning of larger institutions and systems. In this paper we note that standard organizational behavior management (OBM) practices primarily emphasizing centralized leadership are unlikely to be adequate for such work. We therefore argue that collective leadership, a strategy that has not been emphasized in OBM, will be required to operationalize behavioral systems interventions in situations where centralized leadership is impossible or dangerous, and suggest circle processes as one behaviorally specifiable approach to constructing collective leadership, an approach that behavioral systems analysts are well-positioned to test and refine.     

The effect of capacity management strategies on employees' well-being: A quantitative investigation into the long-term healthcare industry

The aim of this study is to understand the effects of different capacity management strategies on the well-being of employees in long-term healthcare organizations. Such strategies may produce psychological effects in terms of job satisfaction and well-being among employees, namely frontline employees, thus affecting service quality. We collected 2158 observations from 42 nursing homes in Italy. Our results show that all capacity management strategies addressed in this study can influence the perceived degree of fatigue or of job hazard, and some of them can influence both. Moreover, a better perception of job hazard and fatigue leads to a higher degree of reported well-being from employees, although with the former, it is only through the mediation of job satisfaction. We conclude our paper by discussing theoretical contributions and policy implications.     

Validation of a Stochastic Discrete Event Model Predicting Virus Concentration on Nurse Hands

Understanding healthcare viral disease transmission and the effect of infection control interventions will inform current and future infection control protocols. In this study, a model was developed to predict virus concentration on nurses’ hands using data from a bacteriophage tracer study conducted in Tucson, Arizona, in an urgent care facility. Surfaces were swabbed 2 hours, 3.5 hours, and 6 hours postseeding to measure virus spread over time. To estimate the full viral load that would have been present on hands without sampling, virus concentrations were summed across time points for 3.5‐ and 6‐hour measurements. A stochastic discrete event model was developed to predict virus concentrations on nurses’ hands, given a distribution of virus concentrations on surfaces and expected frequencies of hand‐to‐surface and orifice contacts and handwashing. Box plots and statistical hypothesis testing were used to compare the model‐predicted and experimentally measured virus concentrations on nurses’ hands. The model was validated with the experimental bacteriophage tracer data because the distribution for model‐predicted virus concentrations on hands captured all observed value ranges, and interquartile ranges for model and experimental values overlapped for all comparison time points. Wilcoxon rank sum tests showed no significant differences in distributions of model‐predicted and experimentally measured virus concentrations on hands. However, limitations in the tracer study indicate that more data are needed to instill more confidence in this validation. Next model development steps include addressing viral concentrations that would be found naturally in healthcare environments and measuring the risk reductions predicted for various infection control interventions.     

公平偏好对横纵向供应链定价及其绩效的影响

本文分别在纵向供应链与横向供应链中,研究了供应链成员具有公平偏好时的定价决策及其绩效表现。研究结果表明：在纵向供应链中,供应商或零售商具有公平偏好并进行Stackelberg博弈,批发价格契约能够满足供应商或零售商的公平偏好,此时整个供应链的利润最优,效率最高;在横向供应链中,处于相同供应链层级的制造商具有公平偏好并进行Cournot博弈,批发价格契约不能满足其公平偏好,但整个供应链的利润与绩效显著高于完全理性时的供应链利润与绩效。最后进行算例分析,并给出一些管理意义。     

报童订购行为: 订购成本与性别影响因素分析

经理人的决策质量对于实现高效运营管理至关重要。然而,在商业实践中,经理人的决策过程常常伴随着非理性行为,并最终导致决策偏差。决策偏差是企业无法实现高效管理的根本问题,其成因广泛、机理深邃,治理困难,因此面临着重大的研究挑战。近年来,学术界针对运营管理中的各种场景,尤其是库存和供应链管理,进行了一系列研究。这些研究广泛识别了不同类型的决策偏差,并反复检验了这些偏差的稳健性,探索了决策偏差的形成机制和干预治理方法。然而,现有的研究视角广泛,方向零散,缺乏对决策偏差的系统性认知和梳理。因此,本文系统性地讨论库存与供应链管理中的决策者行为偏差问题,分析其科学内涵和形成机理,并对一些重要进展进行梳理和凝练。同时,对其研究与实践的未来方向进行了展望,为学术研究和业界应用提供关于决策偏差的深入洞察,以期实现“知偏识正”。

     

推进网络思想政治教育的行为逻辑分析

网络的诞生和发展,给思想政治教育的地位、方法、手段以及环境都带来了诸多改变,这是一种机遇也是一种挑战。推进网络思想政治教育以及增强其实效性是网络时代思想政治教育的主要目标,同时也具有重要的方法论意义,因此,从“应然之意”、“实然之路”、“必然之策”三个层次对网络思想政治教育进行行为逻辑分析很有必要,通过认识网络思想政治教育的必要性,直面网络思想政治教育存在的问题,提出增强网络思想政治教育实效性的对策建议。     

中小民营企业融资困境及其突破

处于初创时期的中小民营企业,其内源融资渠道单一,且筹资成本较低,而到了发展时期,其外源融资渠道增 多,但融资成本较高。与国有大中型企业相比,其融资的体制和观念都相对滞后。改善中小企业融资困境,应提高自 身的管理能力和竞争能力,同时,政府应完善中小企业融资的扶持性政策,优化资金融通市场。     

关于服务外包问题

服务外包是一种新兴的加工贸易。它的兴起和迅速发展既是国际产业结构转型的产物,又是推动国际产业结构优化的重要力量。服务外包市场存在激烈竞争。对中国发展服务市场是难得机遇,又面临严峻的挑战。     

色散控制“呼吸”孤子传输特性的数值研究

采用数值计算方法研究了色散控制“呼吸”孤子传输系统稳定传输的特性,研究结果表明:脉冲的主体或“内核”部分的演化是稳定的,而脉冲所受的周期放大损耗以及色散项的扰动在归一化放大间距Z_d(Z_d)<<1条件下,该扰动对脉冲主体的影响可以忽略,从而证明了色散控制“呼吸”孤子传输是一个稳定的传输方案。