大学生心理障碍分析

文章对当前我国大学生中越来越多的心理障碍问题进行了分析 ,提出发病的流行病学特征和常见的表现形式 ,对生活事件、心理应激、个性特征及心理适应能力等相关因素作出探讨 ,并倡导以心理健康教育作为主要的行为干预措施     

三阶色散效应对色散控制孤子传输的影响

采用分步快速傅里叶数值计算方法研究三阶色散对高速色散控制孤子传输特性的影响,通过对比不同系统条件下数值模拟的传输演化图,表明色散控制孤子系统比普通孤子系统的传输性能更优越,且对色散控制孤子系统设计具有参考价值。     

我国股市高系统性风险分析及券商对策

根据相关的统计数据和实证研究的成果,分析了我国股票市场高系统性风险的特性和现阶段券商所面临的严峻挑战。通过对我国股票市场系统性风险的成因分析,结合国内券商的特点和国内外最新研究成果,阐明券商可以在加强研究能力、加强风险管理、加强业务结构调整和增加资本金等方面寻求对策的可能性。据此,为券商提出了基于分形市场理论、行为金融理论、VaR技术、强化投资分析、调整业务结构和增加资本金等方面的对策。     

弱势群体如何参与STD/AIDS的防治

社区艾滋病控制途径和关怀模式,就是要把传统社会中积累但在现代社会受到压抑的民间文化能量释放出来,即强调使用本民族语言文字,遵照当地习俗,用当地的文化艺术形式,最终使行为主体的内部自我调适机能得以激活,进而形成新的行为方式。     

教师非语言符号运用的教育传播效果研究

文章以教师的非语言符号作为研究对象,综合运用传播学、教育学、教育传播学等学科知识,实证调查研究教师的非语言符号对教育传播效果的影响。通过设计4组相关量表,对大连地区534名大学生进行问卷调查,结果显示:除触觉和空间感觉非语言符号外,当前我国教师非语言符号传播能力普遍处于中等偏高水平。另外,除嗅觉和时间感觉渠道的教师非语言符号与认知性和行为性效果不相关之外,其他类型的教师非语言符号分别与各层面教育传播效果呈现出正向的、密切相关的关系。     

Impact Evaluation of a Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy Model in Brazilian Sexually Abused Girls

This study evaluated the impact of a cognitive behavioral group therapy model in Brazilian girls who had experienced sexual abuse. The effect of the waiting period before treatment and the enduring effectiveness of the treatment after six and 12 months were also evaluated. Forty-nine female sexual abuse victims between the ages of 9 and 16 completed instruments measuring depression, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder before, during, and after the group therapy. The group therapy had a positive impact on their psychological functioning, significantly reducing symptoms of anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The therapeutic effects lasted six to 12 months after the treatment ended. The model proved effective for treating young female victims of sexual abuse.     

An Approach to Community Outreach Practice in the 21st Century

ABSTRACT

This article presents the findings of a study about knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about AIDS held by older Hispanic adults. Members of the convenience sample provided responses that identify concerns about effective practice in outeach and information provision to older adults with regard to risky sexual practices. Intervention to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS among older adults needs to be culturally competent and to be attuned to social practices, traditions, community concerns, and generational perspectives with regard to serious health problems related to sexual behavior. The sample composition was primarily Hispanic (97.4%); Catholic, (92.1%) and female (84.2%) with a mean age of 73.7 years. Approximately 28.2% of those surveyed stated that they felt that AIDS was an important problem for older adults. The majority, (76.3%) were aware of locations where health information and services were available if AIDS were a problem. Even though the majority indicated knowledge that AIDS is spread through sexual intercourse, more than one third, (36.8%) thought that sexually active adults 55 and over never use condoms. A discussion of the implications for disease prevention programs and community practice is presented emphasizing the importance of empowerment strategies in health promotion programs and the strengthening of multidisciplinary collaborative efforts to effect positive community health changes.     

Evaluating the Impact of Intergenerational Activities on Elders' Engagement and Expressiveness Levels in Two Settings

Abstract

This study evaluated the impact of intergenerational activities on elders' engagement and expressiveness levels in two settings. Study 1 was conducted with 22 well elders at a senior center and approximately 15 children from a nearby grade school. Data were collected using a momentary time sampling procedure, and inter-observer reliability averaged 88% (ranging from 78% to 97%). Elders were significantly more engaged (t(85) = 4.60, p > .001) and expressive (t(85) = 5.55, p > .001) in the treatment condition than the control condition. Study 2 was conducted with 25 older adults diagnosed with dementia, living in a special care unit. Twenty-eight second-graders were in the experimental group and 32 second-graders were in the comparison group. A momentary time sampling procedure was used to observe engagement, expressiveness, and inappropriate behavior levels. Inter-observer agreement averaged 94% (ranged from 85% to 100%). Elders were significantly more engaged in the structured activities with children than the structured activities without children, and significantly more engaged in structured activities without children than the no-activity condition, F(l) = 60.1; p > .01. Elders were also significantly more expressive in structured activities with children than the structured activities without children, and significantly more expressive in the structured activities without children than the no-activity condition, F(1) =26.5; p = 01. Further, there was no significant increase in inappropriate behaviors between any condition, F(1) =.322; p = .57. The analysis of variance regarding children's attitudes towards the elderly showed no significant differences whether they did or did not participate in the intergen-erational activities (F3.5, p < .05), with both groups maintaining positive attitudes of elders. These results reflect the importance of offering intergenerational activities to well and institutionalized elders as well as to children.     

Intergenerational continuity in parenting: a review and theoretical integration

Abstract

Objective: This review evaluates literature on how parenting behaviors are passed from one generation to the next in families by providing a new definitional framework to organize existing work, utilizing this framework to review literature on intergenerational continuity in parenting behaviors, and proposing a new developmental framework for understanding the etiology of intergenerational continuity in parenting behaviors.

Design: The present review examines 31 studies of intergenerational continuity in parenting, summarizes the findings offered by these studies, and integrates this existing literature in a theoretical framework for considering the etiology of intergenerational continuity in parenting behaviors.

Results: Results indicate that parental warmth, hostility, and behavioral control each demonstrate intergenerational continuity, and that internalizing and externalizing behavior serve as potential mediators of intergenerational continuity across all three types of parenting behaviors.

Conclusions: Parenting behaviors falling in the warmth, hostility, and behavioral control domains each demonstrate modest continuity across generations. Internalizing and externalizing behaviors developed by children in response to parenting in their family of origin may persist and cause similar patterns of parenting when these children grow up and start their own families. Partner psychopathology and parenting styles may moderate these externalizing and internalizing pathways to intergenerational continuity in parenting.     

Out of Harmony: Health Problems and Young Native American Men

Abstract

Studies of the current health status of healthy young Native American men (American Indians and Alaska Natives) are rare compared with the attention researchers have given the many problems that plague the lives of these young men. Native American men are frequently not included in other studies focusing on men, and information on college-aged, healthy young Native American men is generally not readily available. Despite those drawbacks, this article brings together what is written or known about the health status of young Native American men. The emphasis, based on available information, is placed on some of the major health problems confronting this population.