奥地利经济学派视觉下的行为金融学研究

起步于1980年代的行为金融学被誉为金融学领域里的“显学”。综合国内外相关文献,作为一门年轻的学科,其深入研究才刚刚起步,研究显得松散破碎,没有形成紧密的结构体系,尤其是迄今为止行为金融学尚未找到一个独立的经济理论作为基础。行为金融学要摆脱其“窘境”,就必须树立起独立的学科地位,将心理学和实验方法作为一种工具或手段,而将奥地利经济学派理论作为其理论基础,并以此逐步建立起完整的理论体系。     

行为学软件度量的研究

针对目前软件度量方法的工作量大、度量困难问题,以行为学研究和软件度量为依据,提出了操作简单、度量简单的行为学度量方法来进行软件进度度量。通过实践项目的数据统计,发现改进后的软件进度度量方法有效地降低了软件度量的工作量,减轻了工程管理人员进行软件度量的工作压力。同时偏差分析也有效地识别出了软件度量中的虚假数据。新的软件度量方法提高了项目管理的效率。     

Treatment Choices in a Managed Care Environment: A Multi-Disciplinary Exploration

This article reports the results of an exploratory study to determine how managed care is influencing mental health practice from an inter-disciplinary perspective. Using two case vignettes, respondents were asked about how they would classify presenting problems and treatment strategies within the context of two scenarios: (1) managed care and its limitations, and (2) fee-for-service/private pay. Findings suggest that managed care has a significant influence on case assessment and treatment planning across the mental health disciplines. Although respondents did not favor adjusting treatment approaches to meet managed care expectations, they nevertheless did so. Findings also substantiate managed care's negative impact on earnings and job satisfaction. These preliminary results begin to address discipline-related cost effectiveness from the perspective of practitioner treatment choices and preferences and highlight the perceived incompatibility between preferred practice and the dictates of managed care.     

行为经济学对传统经济学基本假设的修正和发展

从传统经济学体系的发展主线出发,指出了一个探讨传统经济学的历史沿革、主流体系及未来发展的新视角,即传统经济学的基本假设的局限促使经济学基本假设从完全理性到有限现性的完善,从而导致了行为经济学的产生。行为经济学根据对现实人的心理分析和经济行为的研究得以修正和发展了经济学基本理论假设,并将非理性等复杂的人类行为分析融入标准的经济理论之中。     

购买机制如何影响医疗服务价格？--以美国医疗保险为例

从分析价格形成的三种基本机制入手,对美国不同的医保项目的支付方式进行分类研究,特别是对其定价机制进行了研究,得出了两点结论：美国以支付方式为纽带,通过服务购买谈判方式进行医疗服务定价;医院则依据购买者议价能力,采用不同定价策略,从而形成了支付价格。因而得出：协商谈判在未来是中国医疗服务价格形成的一个重要机制,同时,应改进支付标准的形成机制和建立适合价格谈判的政策环境。     

购房者羊群行为对中国房价波动的影响研究

羊群行为属于行为经济学的一部分,认为市场主体在信息环境不确定的情况下,其行为易受到其他参与主体的影响,模仿他人决策。基于Hwang和Samlton羊群行为测度方法（HS方法）及EGARCH模型,运用2003年1季度至2014年3季度我国30个省市房地产市场销售价格数据,验证我国房地产市场羊群行为的存在性,并分析购房者羊群行为对中国房地产价格波动的影响。结果表明：我国房地产市场羊群行为显著存在,且购房者羊群行为与房地产价格波动呈正相关关系。     

Prioritizing lean supply chain management initiatives in healthcare service operations: a fuzzy AHP approach

The objective of this study is to investigate the perceptions of practitioners/experts about the prioritisation of healthcare performance measures and their relationship with lean supply chain management (LSCM) practices. The study will also prioritise the drivers and resources required to implement LSCM in a healthcare operations context. The prioritisation is based on the relative weights of various initiatives on a range of performance measures. Twenty-four LSCM initiatives were identified using a comprehensive literature review. Q-sort method was used to divide those initiatives into four categories. Fuzzy AHP was then used to prioritise the four categories based on relative weight of importance of each category on three different performance dimensions. The result shows that continuous improvement is a dominating LSCM initiative in increasing operational and financial performance, while enterprise alignment/integration is a dominating initiative in enhancing organisational image and operational performance. However, lack of homogeneity among LSCM initiatives suggests that there is a need for careful consideration when implementing them in healthcare organisations. Furthermore, customer needs and the influence of competitor’s actions are the most important drivers to encourage hospitals to adopt an LSCM strategy. This is one of the first studies to examine the prioritisation and ranking of LSCM constructs on performance within the context of the healthcare industry.     

Safety Does Not Happen by Accident: Antecedents To A Safer Warehouse

On a daily basis, thousands of employees suffer from severe occupational accidents worldwide. These accidents not only lead to negative consequences for the physical and mental health of employees, but also to high costs for companies and the society as a whole. A large share of these accidents take place in warehouses. Prior research has demonstrated the critical role of leadership, and especially safety‐specific transformational leadership (SSTL), in reducing warehouse accidents. Yet several important questions concerning SSTL remain: What effects does SSTL have on outcomes other than safety, and what determines whether leaders display SSTL behaviors? To answer these questions, this research studies the relationship between SSTL of warehouse managers and not only occupational accidents, but also quality and productivity. Moreover, it investigates the managers who are most likely to display SSTL. Data from 87 warehouse managers and 1233 employees were used to test the conceptual model. The results suggest that the dispositional prevention focus of the manager (one of two possible motivational strategies that people deploy) positively relates to SSTL, and that SSTL negatively relates to occupational accidents. Furthermore, SSTL and its identified negative relationship with occupational accidents does not appear to have detrimental impact on productivity or quality. These results extend existing models of SSTL and safety, and can help companies to reduce the number of accidents and the associated costs by selecting and developing safety‐specific transformational leaders.     

Reputational Bargaining and Deadlines

I highlight how reputational concerns provide a natural explanation for “deadline effects,” the high frequency of deals prior to a deadline in bargaining. Rational agents imitate the demands of obstinate behavioral types and engage in brinkmanship in the face of uncertainty about the deadline's arrival. I also identify how surplus is divided when the prior probability of behavioral types is vanishingly small. If behavioral types are committed to fixed demands, outcomes converge to the Nash bargaining solution regardless of agents' respective impatience. If behavioral types can adopt more complex demand strategies, outcomes converge to the solution of an alternating offers game without behavioral types for the deadline environment.     

Exploring Framing Effects in Inventory Control Decisions: Violations of Procedure Invariance

Recent research on decision framing has shown that (i) there are multiple types of framing effects and (ii) the context of the decision can influence framing effects. This research examines decision framing effects in inventory control contexts by questioning the assumption of procedure invariance, that preference should not be impacted by how options are presented to a supply chain manager making an inventory control decision. Study 1 uses three single‐shot decision experiments to establish that all three types of framing effects identified by Levin et al. ( 1998 ) apply in basic inventory control contexts. Results were consistent with theory in all three cases. Given this evidence that framing effects have potential to impact inventory control decisions, two laboratory experiments in Study 2 utilize multi‐period decision tasks to demonstrate that framing effects can impact performance in a dynamic inventory decision setting similar to practice. One of the experiments in Study 2 was conducted with student subjects, while the other with inventory managers from a large retail firm. Results from both experiments provide evidence that even when initial framing effects on order quantities fade, there can be longer term effects on inventory levels and performance. Furthermore, these effects are robust to education and professional experience. The findings suggest that although a manager might select appropriate inventory control metrics, prudence must be exercised in the presentation of these metrics, and that mere presentation can be used to alleviate known human biases in inventory control decisions.