Decision Making and Cognition in Multi‐Echelon Supply Chains: An Experimental Study

Supply chain performance often depends on the individual decisions of channel members. Even when individuals have access to relevant information, order variation tends to increase when moving up the supply chain, a phenomenon known as the bullwhip effect. While prior research has investigated several structural/environmental factors which can mitigate the bullwhip effect, the underlying behavioral factors contributing to it are an open question. Using a production and distribution decision‐making simulation representing a four‐stage serial supply chain, we find that the cognitive profile of decision makers contributes to the bullwhip effect. We found that the specific decision tendency to underweight the supply line is linked to an individual's level of cognitive reflection. Furthermore, performance differs for entire supply chains and for specific echelons, and holds under standard mitigation efforts. The findings have implications for supply chain design, education, and industry.     

Decision Bias in Capacity Allocation Games with Uncertain Demand

Existing studies on capacity allocation games have demonstrated that the standard Nash theory exaggerates retailers' tendency of ordering more than they need in the situation of supply shortage. Adding to the results in the literature, our experimental study with consideration of demand uncertainty demonstrates that the standard Nash theory also exaggerates retailers' tendency of telling the truth in their ordering strategy. To account for these systematic biases, based on the quantal response equilibrium framework, we develop a behavioral model with different mental weights on the underage and overage costs to characterize a retailer's perception bias regarding a critical fractile. Based on the parameter estimates, we show that retailers perceive the critical fractile as being closer to 0.5 than it is, and the perceived critical fractile increases over time. Such empirical evidence of retailers' behavior in capacity allocation games can be valuable, for example, in the mechanism design of coordination and in improving supply chain performance.     

Using Public Feedback and Competitive Rewards to Increase the Safe Driving of Pizza Deliverers

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of a safe driving competition facilitated by publicly-posted individual feedback. The turn-signal use, safety-belt use, and complete intersection stopping of 82 pizza deliverers were observed at two experimental and three control stores, as well as among the civilian population. After baseline observations, pizza deliverers received posted weekly individual feedback on their turn-signal use (at Store A) or complete intersection stops (at Store B). The deliverers' safe driving scores were posted individually on a vertical scale along with their names. Each week the deliverer with the highest average performance was rewarded with a free vehicle-maintenance coupon. Turn-signal use among drivers at Store A (n= 24) increased 22 percentage points from baseline to the intervention phase which was maintained into the withdrawal phase. Complete intersection stopping among drivers at Store B (n= 21) increased 17 percentage points from baseline to the intervention phase and was maintained into the withdrawal phase. Although the winners of the weekly competitions had the greatest increase in performance, non-winners also increased their instances of safe driving during the competition.     

农超对接下行为主体的进化博弈分析

农超对接是一种新型农产品供应链管理模式,有利于实现多方共赢,其成功的关键在于参与各方力量的均衡发展。本文通过建立农超对接下农民专业合作社形成中农户和农户的进化博弈模型以及农民专业合作社和超市的进化博弈模型,求解进化博弈的稳定策略解,得出如下研究结论,政府对制度的设计和安排能极大改变农超对接下行为主体的行为,为了实现农超顺利对接,政府在加大对农民专业合作社扶持力度的同时,要制定相关政策来约束和激励行为主体积极参与农超对接。     

劳教事由类型研究——基于劳教案件的实证分析

十八届三中全会明确提出废止劳教制度后,对于轻微违法行为的惩治和矫正法律制度的构建问题已成学界热点。我国1991—2012年间的劳教案例的数据分析表明,实践中的劳教制度虽然适用范围不断扩大,功能亦由最初的矫治为主向惩罚为主异化,但劳教制度在惩戒、教育矫治、维护社会治安方面的作用明显。因此,后劳教时代立法宜延续劳教制度的基础功能,并把握好教育矫治和惩罚违法之间的度。     

探索团队内外部过程之间关系研究的框架

为了适应不断激烈的竞争和迅速变化的环境,团队不得不进行边界管理,同时仍需要管理内部进行的互动过程,因此提高团队效能需要同时关注这两种过程。从资源的角度看,团队的内、外部过程之间存在直接竞争关系,但面对共同的任务两者之间又存在相互协调,相互促进的影响。因此,研究两者之间的关系应该建立在全面认识团队进行的内外部活动基础之上。     

Health and Cultural Determinants of Voluntary HIV Testing and Counseling Among Middle-Aged and Older Latina Women

The rate of cases of HIV/AIDS in older people is increasing; indeed one out of every four people with HIV/AIDS is over age 50. This study describes the correlates of HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) using structural equation modeling techniques for a sample of 135 middle-aged and middle-aged and older Latinas in South Florida. Over 60% of participants had been tested for HIV. Provider endorsement was found to be the strongest predictor of VCT (odds ratio [OR] = 6. 38), followed by having a clinic as a regular source of healthcare (OR = 3.88). Social work implications are provided.     

“镇管社区”的治理创新机制

随着大都市城市化进程和大型居住区建设的快速推进,大量的中心城区人口向郊区导入、外来人口聚集于郊区,导致郊区常住人口短时间内快速膨胀,其社会结构发生深刻变化,这对新型城市社区管理和公共服务提出了巨大的挑战。“镇管社区”正是适应郊区快速城市化发展而形成的一种社会管理创新机制。     

Current trends of Internet Addiction Disorder research: a review of 2000–2008 Korean academic journal articles

This article reviewed various Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) studies in Korea. The study showed that the symptoms of IAD have been reported by many Korean scholars, but the current Korean literature shows that IAD has yet to have a universally accepted theoretical framework. Internet addictions have been studied in various disciplines, and a multimodal approach that uses a combination of interactivity between psychotherapies and other intervention skills has been suggested by various authors, but has yet to be formed. A further study is required to explore a structural map based on the interrelations between IAD risk factors and to establish its treatment modalities.