Community Activism in the USA: Catholic Hospital Mergers and Reproductive Access

This article analyzes how grassroots organizing diminishes the potential loss of reproductive services in communities affected by Catholic hospital mergers. The empirical contribution of this study is to highlight changing patterns of pro-choice social movement mobilization and approaches to conflict resolution in the reproductive rights arena. To discover how Catholic hospital mergers threaten access to reproductive services, five case studies based in diverse regional and demographic areas throughout the USA are developed. From the case studies, we analyze which organizational factors most strongly influence the preservation of services. Among the variables which may affect outcomes are: characteristics of the acquiring institution, the type of coalition created to terminate the merger, the failure of pro-life activists to counter-mobilize, incentives for compromise on both sides, and regulatory intervention by government or state action. The study concludes that this new phase of the abortion struggle represents renewed vigor among local pro-choice activists and demonstrates that grassroots coalitions who oppose the curtailment of services often preserve reproductive healthcare options in their communities by creating alliances with professionals and other coalition partners.     

The Evolution of Mental Health Care Policy and the Implications for Social Work

Abstract

The focus of this article is on the evolution of mental health care policy in the United States from the eighteenth century to the present. To the extent that social work practice enacts policy, this article focuses particularly on the ways 20th century social workers have reflected, interpreted, and forged mental health care initiatives and reforms. The article includes a discussion of how the cycles of mental health reform (moral treatment, mental hygiene, and community mental health) have influenced not only the roles but also the actual practices of social workers. The article concludes with a consideration of the impact of managed care on mental health policy and the implications for social work.     

Recovery,Managed Care,and the Reflective Practitioner

ABSTRACT

Conflicting priorities between the recovery movement among consumers of mental health services and managed behavioral health care planners result in turbulence and ambiguity in the service delivery system. Based upon information from both published and unpublished written sources, areas of strain are described. The utility of a reflective practice model, as conceptualized by Schon (1983), for addressing a recovery vision within a managed care environment is explored.     

高职院校教师服务企业的实践模式研究

高职教育是我国高等教育的重要组成部分,高等教育应增强社会服务能力。国家目前的导向之一是增加现有教师服务企业的经历,以此作为提高专业教师的职业技能。高职院校教师可以通过校企合作、企业实践、企业兼职和企业托管实践模式为企业服务。     

Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Risk Behaviors from the NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial

ABSTRACT

This cross-sectional study describes the baseline prevalence and correlates of common bacterial and viral sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and risk behaviors among individuals at high risk for HIV recruited in five low- and middle-income countries. Correlations of risk behaviors and demographic factors with prevalent STDs and the association of STDs with HIV prevalence are examined. Between 2,212 and 5,543 participants were recruited in each of five countries (China, India, Peru, Russia, and Zimbabwe). Standard protocols were used to collect behavioral risk information and biological samples for STD testing. Risk factors for HIV/STD prevalence were evaluated using logistic regression models. STD prevalence was significantly higher for women than men in all countries, and the most prevalent STD was Herpes simplex virus-type 2 (HSV-2). HIV prevalence was generally low (below 5%) except in Zimbabwe (30% among women, 11.7% among men). Prevalence of bacterial STDs was generally low (below 5% for gonorrhea and under 7% for syphilis in all sites), with the exception of syphilis among female sex workers in India. Behavioral and demographic risks for STDs varied widely across the five study sites. Common risks for STDs included female gender, increasing number of recent sex partners, and in some sites, older age, particularly for chronic STDs (i.e., HSV-2 and HIV). Prevalence of HIV was not associated with STDs except in Zimbabwe, which showed a modest correlation between HIV and HSV-2 prevalence (Pearson coefficient = .55). These findings underscore the heterogeneity of global STD and HIV epidemics and suggest that local, focused interventions are needed to achieve significant declines in these infections.     

当代行为经济学：挑战、应用与借鉴

现代经济学的基本行为假设及相关原理与现实的偏离引起了理论界的关注和质疑,催生了行为经济学这一新兴分支学科,有力地推动了当代经济学的发展.行为经济学对理性人、效用最大化和均衡产出等标准经济理论内容构成了挑战,近年来行为经济学在市场竞争行为、劳动经济和金融等领域获得广泛应用,并能在解释中国改革的深层问题及经济理论建设方面起借鉴作用.     

行为金融学视角中的中国居民储蓄

2004年起我国居民储蓄存款的增速下降,运用行为金融学分析可知:这正是居民在外部条件变化时进行最佳资产配置的结果。研究表明:居民对实际利率变化比较敏感,在实际利率为正或为负时,敏感性显著不同。过度自信使居民对当月实际利率变化反映过度或反映不足。随着改革的推进,人类理性行为的外部约束条件将改善,居民储蓄的利率弹性将提高,储蓄行为会趋于理性化。     

国家助学贷款制度的定向研究

国家助学贷款制度自2000年在中国全面推行至今,实际运行情况和效果并不理想。文章从国家助学贷款目标群体的定向入手,分析了当前贷款制度中存在的问题,指出问题的症结在于制度设计对目标群体的定向缺乏重视,进而提出实施有效定向的政策建议。     

关于社会保险承办机构增能的新思考

在欧洲各国的医疗保险制度改革中,有一种新的改革设计方案———“管理下的竞争”(managed competi-tion)方案被看好。这套方案主要是在基本医疗保险制度中引入市场原理。它不期待社会保险承办机构和医疗机构从“善意”出发来保护患者利益。而是设计一种制度,促使医疗保险承办机构为患者的利益而行动,这也是一种带有动力机制的制度,促使医疗机构提供既有效率、又有效果的医疗服务。本文在介绍管理下的竞争这一改革方案的同时,分析我国医疗保障制度的不足,提出改革建议。     

极点配置控制器设计的行为化方法

从互连控制的角度对系统的极点配置问题进行了研究，设计了一类（正则）极点配置控制器，并揭示了行为化方法下的互连控制与经典反馈控制之间的关系．