Social Learning Theory

This paper explores learning through modeling as it relates to the exercise of leadership. The paper distinguishes between modeling as a natural learning occurrence versus a planned effort to change behavior. The emphasis is on the issue of how appointed leaders can utilize models to influence employee behavior. Research results and implications for managerial leadership are discussed.     

Integration of Behavioral Frequency and Intention Information in Young Children's Trait Attributions

Two experiments examined three‐ to six‐year‐olds' use of frequency and intention information to make trait attributions and behavioral predictions. In experiment 1, participants were told a story about an actor who behaved positively once or four times on purpose or incidentally. Children were most likely to make trait‐consistent behavioral predictions after hearing about several positive, intentional behaviors. Trait attributions were largely positive. Experiment 2 examined children's use of the same cues concerning negative behavioral outcomes. Participants tended to predict that actors who engaged in negative behavior would do so again, irrespective of intention, although younger children required more exemplars than older children. Participants were most likely to make negative trait attributions after hearing about multiple intentional behaviors; however, there was reluctance with age to describe actors as mean. Implications for children's ‘theory of personality’ are discussed.     

高校思想政治辅导员的思想觉悟与行为觉悟

高校思想政治辅导员是大学生思想政治教育的一支重要力量。从建设一支高水平的辅导员队伍的基本思想出发,提出高校思想政治辅导员应区分日常事务管理和思想工作的不同,进而以不同的思想觉悟和行为觉悟标准,对大学生施以积极的影响,促进大学生的个性完善和自我成长。     

Behavioral Safety in the Food Services Industry: Challenges and Outcomes

During the course of a 6-year behavioral safety consult at a food and drink industry site, data were collected on the number of Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA) recordable incidents, number of lost and restricted days, and number of peer safety observations. Employees were trained to identify safe and unsafe behavior, conduct peer observations, and provide peer feedback. Data collected from observations were utilized to deliver graphic feedback. Managers were encouraged to review graphic feedback with employees weekly, provide prompts for observation, and praise employees for conducting observations. A committee composed of employees and managers met monthly to address safety concerns. Reductions in incidents were observed over the course of the behavioral safety intervention, but a reversal to baseline could not be implemented. A negative correlation was observed between number of peer observations and number of recordable incidents. Results suggest that when employees conduct peer observations more frequently, the number of recordable incidents decreases.     

The chain is never stronger than its weakest link: implementing a model of collaboration among agencies serving vulnerable children and adolescents

This article analyses agency collaboration to help vulnerable children and adolescents with complex social and psychological problems, examining the implementation of a formal collaboration model for these groups. This model, implemented in Västra Götaland, Sweden, involves five municipal agencies and five county council agencies in 49 different municipalities. Data were collected using two questionnaires sent to 355 lower managers and 424 professional representatives in the concerned organizations. The analysis demonstrates that there are differences in implementation results between the agencies, and that the differences are largely explainable by organizational self-interest and top management prioritization of collaboration model implementation. The main barriers to collaboration are factors modifiable by the agencies themselves, and perceived barriers decreased when the policy was working. The study suggests that managers of human service organizations must assume responsibility when implementing collaboratively, and that accountable professional and political leaders must rise above organizational interests to protect vulnerable citizens.     

Investigating the Factor Structure of a Brief Instrument to Measure Practitioners' Perceptions of Preparedness for Current Service Delivery Environments

ABSTRACT

Using a state-wide sample, this study investigated the development of a brief instrument to measure social work practitioners' perceptions of necessary knowledge and skill for current service delivery environments in the state of Florida. Exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation identified four factors: perceived knowledge of health insurance, perceived knowledge of risk management, perceived knowledge of mis-diagnosis, and perceived knowledge of documentation. This brief instrument may be useful to assess perceptions of specific knowledge and skill competency in educational and work settings.     

理性与非理性的博弈:现代投资决策理论的演进

理性与非理性的纷争构成了现代投资决策理论演化的主要脉络。本文从古典经济学对理性的最初描述开始,系统讨论了博弈论框架下的理性特征、理性预期对现代金融理论发展的影响、有限理性修正、凯恩斯批判、噪音交易的存在性以及行为金融学关于投资者非理性行为的解释,最后分析了理性与非理性的经济学本质,对现代金融决策理论发展的脉络进行了全面理论梳理。     

Testimony of Lester D. Volk,Julia Lathrop,and Florence Kelley at Congressional Hearings,Sheppard-Towner Act,December 1920, November 1921

No abstract available for this article.     

人参花苹果汁保健饮料的研制

利用人参花丰富的营养和保健价值。通过去苦技术对人参花提取液进行处理，使人参花微苦的口味和独特的气味得到保持和改良。同时配以苹果汁和木糖醇，通过正交试验确定最佳配比，研制成良好风味且营养丰富的保健饮料。     

Cocaine use among the College Age Group: Biological and Psychological Effects—Clinical and Laboratory Research Findings

Abstract

Though cocaine has been used by man for centuries for both medical and nonmedical reasons, a knowledge of its effect on the human mind and body remains limited and not yet clearly documented. Sources of information consist of myth, street knowledge, animal studies, and clinical and laboratory studies of man. This paper focuses on findings from the latter two sources.

The biological effects of cocaine include the local effects of producing anesthesia and constriction of blood vessels in areas where it is applied topically. Solutions of the drug applied directly to the eye cause the pupils to dilate. Systemic effects include an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. In some individuals, an increase in alertness occurs, and in others a state of drowsiness. The drug also decreases total sleep, REM sleep, and appetite.

The psychological effects of the drug vary with dosage, chronicity, and a host of other variables. Increasing doses over long periods of time appear to cause increasingly severe impairment of affective and cognitive functioning. These effects include a strong psychological craving, making cocaine one of the most powerfully reinforcing of all known substances. In addition, cocaine may induce symptoms ranging from mild euphoria to hyperalertness, hyperactivity, anorexia, insomnia, hypersexuality, and proneness to violence. In others, cocaine may produce sadness, melancholia, apathy, and various symptoms of dysphoria. Depression has been reported to occur in people who stop taking the drug, especially those who have taken the drug intravenously. At high doses taken over a long period of time, cocaine may produce symptoms that mimic acute paranoid psychosis with hallucinations, stereotyped behavior, paranoid delusions, insomnia, and proneness to violence. Finally, cocaine may cause delirium, convulsions, and death from cardiorespiratory failure. With over 30 million individuals in the college age group reported to have taken cocaine, college health personnel must be prepared to diagnose and treat symptoms resulting from cocaine toxicity.