收入分配不平等的概念及其度量综述

收入分配是经济学研究的重要领域之一。收入分配的不平等状况可以有实证和规范两种方法分析。实证方法描述收入分配中分散程度的实际模式,并用一种统计量(值)来概括。实证方法除了常见的频数图、洛伦兹曲线和泰尔指数外,还有著名的帕雷托分布和对数正态分布。规范法建立在一种价值判断之上,用社会福利函数度量不平等的程度。阿特金森指数(AtkinsomIndex)是最常用的由规范法导出的不平等指标。     

人力资源会计理论与方法的探讨

随着知识经济时代的到来,人力资源已经成为包括会计在内的众多学科关注的焦点。在我国,越来越多的学者已经加入到人力资源会计研究的队伍中来。本文主要从人力资源会计模式和人力资源的确认与计量进行分析和探讨。     

试论我国量刑中存在的问题

我国的量刑中缺少对犯罪人人身危险性的关注,我国刑罚的根据是一般预防。我们主张在量刑中加大人身危险性对量刑的比重。     

持续提升企业核心竞争力的对策探究

核心竞争力是衡量企业盛衰荣枯的重要标准。目前,我国企业国际竞争力水平落后,科技创新力较弱,管理成熟度较低,导致核心竞争力偏弱。因此,应增加技术创新投入,加强企业自身创新能力;加强核心人才建设,保证企业实现知识积累;加速信息化建设步伐,提升企业经营管理水平;强化品牌建设意识,提升企业无形资产价值,以此持续提升企业核心竞争力。     

网络竞争场景下视频广告过滤行为认定反思及理路重构——基于42例司法判决的文本分析

日新月异的互联网市场孕育出花样翻新竞争行为的同时，也使竞争行为正当性认定陷入困境，视频广告过滤乃个中典型。实证考察发现司法机关在研判视频广告过滤行为性质时，遵循的是严格行为规制理念、笼统侵权行为分析模式与单一利益侧重考量方法，背离了互联网市场竞争的基本规律与反不正当竞争法的目标定位。理当纠正视频广告过滤行为认定的错误认知与不当做法，在理念上“去严苛化”，落实包容审慎规制；在模式上“去套路化”，转向具体行为具体分析；在方法上“去中心化”，确保多元利益综合权衡，实现视频广告过滤行为性质认定的理性回归。     

社会心理测量中降低主观性偏差的方法探索——一项关于组织认同的测量思路与量表设计及其结果

对作为一种社会心理现象的组织认同的测量思路，从大的视野看，应该既从组织成员对组织与自己关系的内在体验和感受，也从其对这种关系表现出的外显性行为两个方面实施；从具体操作言，还应寻求组织认同中个体的主我认知与他我认知的统一，把二者的测量得分合二为一后，求对同一个问题的整合结果。测量量表的设计与编制应该同时考虑两个方面：一是在设计心理倾向测量的同时必须考虑测量内在心理和外显性行为表现两个层次；二是在测量这种主观意向倾向时应注意从主我与他我的两个方面。实际的测量结果有降低测量的主观性偏差和提高测量的精确度两个特点。     

Unique nontransitive measurement on finite sets

Two themes in the theory of measurement that have been studied extensively in the past few years are numerical representations of nontransitive binary comparison structures and uniqueness in finite measurement systems. This paper brings the two together by exploring the solutions to a nontransitive, additive model that are unique up to multiplication by a positive constant. The model relates to various contexts including decision under risk, evaluation of objectives, comparative probability, and voting theory. The family of unique solutions for the model is shown to be extremely rich and varied.     

学科难度与专业劳动复杂程度模糊谱系的建构--以中国大学本科教育为例

本文综合运用心理学、哲学、经济学、教育学的成果,以中国大学本科教育为例,对劳动复杂程度的模糊度量问题进行了探讨.认为专业劳动的复杂度由专业学习难度决定,专业学习难度由其横断学科和经验知识含量决定,而这些含量由专家系统提供的主要课程设置来体现.并由此建立了专业学科难度模糊谱系和相应的专业劳动复杂度模糊谱系.     

No Country Left Behind? Performance Standards and Accountability in US Foreign Assistance

The accountability movement in public policy hails a new programme for US foreign assistance – the Millennium Challenge Account established in 2004 with the aim of ‘picking winners’ for grants among developing countries based on their demonstrated quality of governance. This article uses the MCA's own rating system to dispute its claim to know in advance which countries are best positioned to meet major development goals. High governance scores alone bear little or no relationship to growth in national income or decline in poverty. Attempting to measure public‐policy performance limits the range of choice available to policy‐makers, and may inadvertently limit true performance.     

Integrating psychometric and cultural theory approaches to formulate an alternative measure of risk perception

Psychometric and cultural theory are key approaches used to explain risk perceptions. However, both approaches explain only 20 and 5–10% of the variance of risk perceptions, respectively. Through advances in social psychology, terror management theory revealed that certain survey questions used in the psychometric approach primed thoughts of death. Such unintentional priming evoked defense mechanisms that would subconsciously activate participants’ cultural biases and values when answering some questions but not others. There are two implications: one, psychometric theorists need to modify their questionnaires to reduce the incidence of priming thoughts of death; and two, integrating the psychometric and cultural theory approaches may potentially explain a higher amount of variance in risk perceptions. Specifically, attitudes (psychometric approach), demographics, affect and past behavior collectively influence cultural biases, which in turn exert an effect on risk perception. However, such a model calls for an appropriate measure of the dynamic nature of cultural biases that current attitudinal measures fall short of. Drawing from methodology within industrial/organizational psychology, the Situational Judgment Test (SJT) is proposed as an alternative measure for risk perception. Steps to designing an SJT are outlined and followed through to culminate in a 10-item SJT that measures cultural biases.