试论企业的环境成本管理

近年来随着人们环保意识的增强,企业对环境成本的管理日趋重视。本文从环境成本的内涵入手,阐述了环境成本的管理指导思想,并提出了环境成本管理的方法。     

大学英语阅读障碍诊断及治疗之探讨

由于阅读过程内在的复杂性，阅读是较难掌握的一项语言技能。本文从阅读障碍的诊断和治疗两方面对中国大学英语阅读教学进行探讨，抛砖引玉，以期有更多的同仁加入这一话题的讨论。     

Poverty and social trends in Russia

The article describes the socioeconomic situation of the Russian population and its dynamics in 1992. The analysis is based on series of regional sociological surveys led by the All-Russian Living Standards Research Center and on official Russian statistical data. The basic unit of analysis is the family, and hence family typology approbated both in research and in practical social work is introduced. Besides describing and discussing the growing poverty tendencies in contemporary Russia, the article also contains methodological recommendations for social policy bodies and social workers on the strategy of work in social maintenance and social support of the least secure population strata.     

Making ends meet: perceptions of poverty in Sweden

During the era after the Second World War, Sweden has built a welfare system based on labor market participation and income maintenance. Low unemployment and decent wages are supposed to guarantee people a labor market income or income maintenance, which in turn should provide a proper standard for everyone. However, a rapid increase in unemployment and economic problems have made the future of the Swedish welfare state more uncertain than ever. These circumstances have, among other things, led to the suggestion that Sweden should abandon the income maintenance policy and create a social policy system with the more limited ambition of guaranteeing everyone a minimum income. In that case, one central question must be answered: what constitutes a decent minimum income in today's Sweden? Where should we draw the poverty line under which people will not be forced to live? These questions are central in the current debate. The consensual poverty line method is used in this article to derive a poverty line relevant for today's Sweden. The results shows that more than every fifth household has an income below the consensual poverty line. That is, they have an income that most Swedes would argue is too low to make ends meet. The level of the consensual poverty line was compared with the National Board of Health and Welfare's guidelines for social assistance. The consensual poverty line was shown to be more generous to small households and the norm for social assistance was more generous to larger households. Finally, the expenditure for guaranteeing all Swedish household a minimum income equal to the consensual poverty line was estimated: more than SEK 25 billion per year. The results in the article casts serious doubt on the ability of the Swedish welfare state to secure a decent income to all citizens.     

考虑交通时间与设备转换时间的跨区域就医调度优化问题

在资源共享时代背景下,跨区域就医可以很好地解决患者日益增长的就医需求与医疗资源紧张的矛盾。本论文以医疗联盟为研究对象,在关键医疗资源共享的前提下,通过患者跨区域就医实现就医诊断延误最小化,以满足患者就医需求。本研究同时考虑了患者跨区域交通时间与基于患者诊断类型的设备转换时间,以最小化患者就医总延迟为目标,分配患者就诊医院及优化患者就诊/检查顺序。针对该问题,论文首次提出以最早交货期原则（EDD rule）为基础,以患者再分配为主导的EDD-ReAss1和EDD-ReAss2启发式算法,结合局部搜索算法以进一步提高就医调度方案的质量,缩短患者诊断/检查等待时间。实验结果表明,新启发式算法EDD-ReAss1和EDD-ReAss2算法性能显著好于EDD,SPT和LPT等调度规则;在较短运算时间内Swap局部搜索算法性能最优。     

治疗腰痛的气功功法和功理

本文扼要论述腰痛治疗三个层次的气功功法和功理.     

Severely Traumatized Siblings: A Treatment Strategy

Siblings who have suffered severe trauma and disrupted attachment relate to one another in ways that interfere with individual development, the chance to benefit from connections with adults, the establishment of healthy sibling relationships, and the working through of traumatic experiences. The authors use case examples to illustrate four distinct sibling patterns: absent, adult lockout, half and half, and trauma shield. The authors highlight the importance of recognizing these types and then varying the therapist's treatment stance to pursue five goals. These include suspending problematic sibling relationships to create room for bonding with caring adults, transferring attachment behaviors and impulses to a receptive adult, resuming healthy individual development, forming more adaptive sibling connections, and expressing shared traumatic content.     

Three Object Relations Models of Couple Treatment

This article describes three different approaches to the treatment of couples, all based on different versions of object relations theories. Object relations as a term has various meanings embodying different theoretical assumptions. It is used differentially to highlight certain aspects of clinical phenomena, to connote certain developmental paradigms, and to signal the importance of real, interactional aspects of human behavior. The three therapeutic approaches to work with couples illustrate some of the ways that the greater conceptual complexity of object relations theories affects how love is explained, couple conflicts defined, and what makes for change in couples treatment. Understanding the basic assumptions of a given theory will enable us to increase our informed consent to the use of theory in our practices.     

制造业设备维护与管理的相对有效性评估

在设备维护与管理的评估中引入数据包络分析,以此为核心构建了设备维护与管理相对有效性的评估方法。该方法在系统功能建模的基础上,全面分析了设备维护与管理作为服务系统的投入与产出构成,以数据包络分析为计算模型完成了设备维护与管理有效性的评估。该方法满足了设备维护与管理评估全面性和客观性的要求,其有效性和可信度通过在某石化企业的应用得到了验证。     

WTO体制下中国外资国民待遇问题

中国加入WTO协议对国民待遇相关内容作出承诺,这些承诺构成中国国内立法相关改革的重要内容。分析中国立法对外资机构实行国民待遇原则的措施,即侧重“整平游戏场地”和制定统一的经济法、民商法,并针对目前中国在一定范围内还不同程度上存在的“超国民待遇”和地方政府不规范竞争等缺陷提出若干建议。