Empathy and professional attitude in social workers and non-trained aides

The purpose of this study was to investigate empathic communication and professional attitude in vocational groups representing different levels of professional training. A further aim was to elucidate some aspects of the impact of the clients. Four groups of professionals participated, three with degrees as social workers and one with only short professional training. Three groups worked with committed drug addicts, one group with somatically ill patients. The 110 subjects were tested with a video-test of professional attitude and empathic communication. Different response patterns were found in the different groups. The group with short training had the highest proportion of unprofessional responses. The group of social workers working with somatically ill patients showed the highest amount of empathic communication. Furthermore, there was a distinction among the kind of unprofessional responses used by the different groups. Hypotheses on the causes of these differences and implications for future research are discussed.     

社会边缘群体对社会稳定的影响及对策--以哈尔滨建筑业农民工为例

社会稳定和社会边缘群体的生存状况紧密相连.建筑业农民工群体是中国社会边缘群体的重要组成部分,必须通过实证研究分析他们的生存状态及其与社会稳定之间的关系.通过抽样方法和问卷调查,从经济状况、社会分配、社会心理和社会控制等四个方面透视哈尔滨市建筑业农民工群体的生活状况,目前还不是影响社会稳定的因素.但从长期来看,若不注重研究并改善其境遇,则可能成为社会稳定的隐患.鉴于此,必须综合利用农民工社会保障制度、工会组织、技能培训、改善食宿和安全条件以及多样化的休闲途径,来保证这一群体的生活质量和合法权益,以维护社会稳定.     

农民工工资支付法治化问题研究 ——基于对《保障农民工工资支付条例》的解读

《保障农民工工资支付条例》(以下简称《条例》)是我国当前面对农民工工资支付出现的新问题制定的一套具有规范化、权威性和有效性的法律保障机制。从农民工工资支付法治化保障机制的制度特点来看,《条例》的主体责任更加明确化,处罚方式强调规范化,监管过程具备严密化,监管主体呈现多元化。《条例》采取全程协同监管手段消除“灰色治理”的“梗阻”,用“法律红线”落实并明确各方的法律主体责任,以细化规定的方式打通工资支付的“绿色通道”,从而能够保障《条例》的有效落实。为了更好地保障农民工的切身利益,《条例》主要从实践逻辑层面上落实法治化保障措施:明确不同监管主体在监督检查领域中的职能定位,对用人单位实行严格的资格认定与法律责任制,在监管领域中始终关注劳有所得的民生问题。     

技术工人满意度影响因素的实证分析

技术工人的短缺是影响中国经济以更快速度发展的障碍之一。而难以吸引更多人才投身技术岗位的重要原因之一是对技术工人的激励不足,造成其满意度较低。文章以问卷调查为基础,利用多元方差分析法对技术工人满意度的影响因素进行了实证研究,并根据研究结果给出一些建议,希望为企业根据不同技术工人群体制定适宜的激励政策提供参考。     

A case–control study relating railroad worker mortality to diesel exhaust exposure using a threshold regression model

A case–control study of lung cancer mortality in U.S. railroad workers in jobs with and without diesel exhaust exposure is reanalyzed using a new threshold regression methodology. The study included 1256 workers who died of lung cancer and 2385 controls who died primarily of circulatory system diseases. Diesel exhaust exposure was assessed using railroad job history from the US Railroad Retirement Board and an industrial hygiene survey. Smoking habits were available from next-of-kin and potential asbestos exposure was assessed by job history review. The new analysis reassesses lung cancer mortality and examines circulatory system disease mortality. Jobs with regular exposure to diesel exhaust had a survival pattern characterized by an initial delay in mortality, followed by a rapid deterioration of health prior to death. The pattern is seen in subjects dying of lung cancer, circulatory system diseases, and other causes. The unique pattern is illustrated using a new type of Kaplan–Meier survival plot in which the time scale represents a measure of disease progression rather than calendar time. The disease progression scale accounts for a healthy-worker effect when describing the effects of cumulative exposures on mortality.     

Testing citizen identities: Australian migrants and the Australian values debate

In this paper I explore how recent public debates about Australian values impact on the everyday lives of migrants preparing to become naturalised Australian citizens. Framed through the perspective of governmentality, I combine textual analyses of government documents relating to the Australian citizenship test with ethnographies of recently-arrived migrants in order to demonstrate how political practices related to the conferral of Australian citizenship link and interconnect with the production of migrant subjectivities. In this way, I explore what aspiring citizens think about Australian values and how they contest, accept and negotiate these demands on them to adopt the Australian way of life. The analysis suggests that migrants in this study presented multiple and complex ways of being model Australian citizens. They drew on popular national myths about Australianness promoted in citizenship test resources but they also produced alternative subjectivities that promoted identification with everyday multiculturalism as central to living a happy and prosperous life in Australia.     

农民工农村住房过剩与城市住房不足矛盾研究

农民工农村住房过剩与城市住房不足成为当今社会的一个显著矛盾。调查显示农民工家庭的农村住房45%处于浪费状态,但他们在城市的居住面积人均却只有4平方米。从农村来说,户籍制度所导致的回乡预期,建房潮留下的后遗症,农民工投资保值需求,农村宅基地政策的束缚等原因导致了农村住房过剩;从城市来说,商品房价格远远超过农民工的承受能力,低端房地产市场供给之路不畅,政府公益性住房因数量有限无法惠及农民工导致了农民工城市住房短缺。在对农民工住房理论性质分析的基础上,提出了利用市场与政府干预两条解决思路,并提出了具体的解决对策。     

关注高校劳务工入会的瓶颈难题

从维护高校发展与稳定的角度,分析了高校劳务工权益保障状况,探索了劳务工工会组建新模式。提出了切实维护劳务工的合法权益的措施:(1)加大宣传力度,依法推进工会的组建工作;(2)创新工作思路,突出重点把维权工作落到实处;(3)建立劳务工档案,加强对劳务工的会籍管理。     

农民工养老保险制度现状的研究

农民工队伍日益壮大,为中国现代化建设做出了突出贡献,并在一定程度上解决了农村劳动力富余的问题。然而,农民工的养老保险制度却存在着很多问题,引发了严重的退保、拒保现象。在分析我国农民工现状的基础上,对农民工人数进行了预测,阐述了我国现行的农民工的养老保险的类型,并分析了现行的养老保险制度的不足及对策建议。     

“80后”农民工的社会认同与城市融入

在经济社会加速转型和利益结构加快调整的背景下,农民工群体步入代际转换的重要时期,“80后”农民工逐渐成为农民工的主力军和生力军。“80后”农民工的社会认同包括身份认同、对城市的认同、对乡土社会的认同和未来归属认同四个方面。应从政府、企业、市民和农民工自身四方面努力来推动新生代农民工融入城市社区,建构出一个基于公平机会之上的城乡一体化的社会管理制度。