多拉格朗日乘子情形下影子价格的判别和计算

非线性优化模型中经常出现多重Lagrange乘子现象,导致决策者错误地计算资源的影子价格.本文针对该问题指出最小欧几里得范数的Lagrange乘子是影子价格.同时,还提出了一个无约束优化模型用以求解最小欧几里得范数 Lagrange乘子,该无约束优化模型可以通过经典的非光滑优化算法求解.最后,本文提出一个基于次梯度的算法求解影子价格,该算法是次线性收敛的,且计算时间与约束条件的个数及自变量的个数线性相关.     

Inference in Censored Models with Endogenous Regressors

This paper analyzes the linear regression model y = xβ+ε with a conditional median assumption med (ε| z) = 0, where z is a vector of exogenous instrument random variables. We study inference on the parameter β when y is censored and x is endogenous. We treat the censored model as a model with interval observation on an outcome, thus obtaining an incomplete model with inequality restrictions on conditional median regressions. We analyze the identified features of the model and provide sufficient conditions for point identification of the parameter β. We use a minimum distance estimator to consistently estimate the identified features of the model. We show that under point identification conditions and additional regularity conditions, the estimator based on inequality restrictions is normal and we derive its asymptotic variance. One can use our setup to treat the identification and estimation of endogenous linear median regression models with no censoring. A Monte Carlo analysis illustrates our estimator in the censored and the uncensored case.     

Minimum income in the Western Balkans: From socialism to the European Pillar of Social Rights

In this article, we examine the evolution of minimum income programmes in the Western Balkans (comprising Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia). During socialism, Yugoslavia developed a rudimentary minimum income protection programme, while Albania did not have one. As countries moved towards a market economy, socialism's legacy remained relevant, but especially since 2000, governments have taken more direct responsibility for the minimum income schemes—typically under the influence of the World Bank. The attention was paid to strict targeting accuracy rather than to adequacy or sufficient coverage of the lowest deciles. In essence, neither socialist nor neoliberal policymakers ever recognised anything but the poverty relief function of the minimum income. Both ideologies were hostile, or at best indifferent, to increasing the adequacy and generosity of minimum income programmes, perceiving them as impediments and distractions that slowed socialist and neoliberal transformations. Despite some reform initiatives supported by the World Bank and, more recently, the European Union, the generosity and adequacy of minimum income programmes remain low, and coverage keeps declining. There have been very few efforts to develop inclusion function of the minimum income, while the activation aspect has achieved very little, sometimes degrading into punitive programmes of unpaid community work. In this dismal picture, the European Pillar of Social Rights action framework could serve as a guide for a long overdue third phase in the Western Balkans' minimum income policy evolution.     

最低工资标准与和谐劳动关系的构建——广州、佛山、深圳最低工资标准比较研究

最低工资保障问题是构建和谐劳动关系的核心内容和难点问题。对广州、佛山和深圳最低工资标准现状进行分析,并运用ELES模型测算其最低工资标准,测算结果显示：目前三市最低工资实际标准与理论标准仍有差距,其中广州的差距最小,佛山次之,深圳的差距最大;最低工资标准与职工平均工资比例偏低,与人均GDP比例关系失调,深圳最低工资执行标准总体优于广州和佛山。鉴此,提出应以发展线水平为目标制定最低工资标准等建议。     

Generalized discrete discrepancy and its applications in experimental designs

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the study of discrete discrepancy. In this paper, the popular discrete discrepancy is extended to the so-called generalized discrete discrepancy. Connections among generalized discrete discrepancy and other optimality criteria, such as orthogonality, generalized minimum aberration and minimum moment aberration, are investigated. These connections provide strong statistical justification of generalized discrete discrepancy. A lower bound of generalized discrete discrepancy is also obtained, which serves as an important benchmark of design uniformity.     

城乡一体化背景下的农村社会保障研究——以德州市为例

德州市已初步建立起以农村最低生活保障制度、农村新型合作医疗制度和农村新型社会养老保险制度为主要内容的农村社会保障体系,但农村社会保障体系与城市相比还比较薄弱,需进一步完善。逐步完善农村社会保障体系,实现城乡社会保障制度的有序接轨,是统筹城乡发展过程中促进地方经济社会和谐发展的重要目标和重要内容。     

利用匹配滤波改进MIMO预编码方案

针对多用户多输入多输出(MIMO)系统下行链路的共信道干扰(CCI)问题,提出了一种可以实现发射机和接收机联合设计的预编码方案。该方案假定接收机为匹配滤波器,避免了最小均方误差(MMSE)准则下发射机和接收机联合设计中的迭代操作,同时将迫零处理引入MMSE方法,完全消除了CCI。为进一步简化联合设计问题,对等效信道矩阵进行奇异值分解,将向量优化问题转化为标量优化问题。仿真结果表明,与其他非迭代的预编码方案相比,该联合设计的预编码方案可以获得更好的平均误比特率性能和总容量性能。     

辽宁省城市居民最低生活保障标准的测定

最低生活保障标准是最低生活保障制度的核心,建立城市最低生活保障制度的难题在于：如何确定城市最低生活保障标准。利用扩展线性支出系统（ELES）模型,采用1999—2009年《辽宁统计年鉴》中有关城镇居民消费性支出分组数据,对辽宁省城市最低生活保障标准进行了测定,并与现行城市最低生活保障标准进行比较,从而得知现行低保标准偏低,现有城市最低生活保障制度尚不健全,亟需进一步完善。     

求职过程的社会网络模型：检验关系效应假设

本文依据2009年八城市求职网调查数据,区别关系强度和关系资源两种不同的测量,分析这两种测量对入职收入的效应后发现：关系强度与关系资源统计相关,但不能互替。强关系往往带来人情资源,弱关系往往带来信息资源。经济改革前后,信息资源对入职收入均无显著影响,直到改革中期,特别是进入世贸组织后,信息资源才开始对收入产生提升作用。人情资源的收入效应改革前后一直很大,但是进入世贸组织之后,开始受到一定程度的抑制。市场转型过程中,社会网络的收入效应的总趋势是：改革前和改革初,人情资源效应大于信息资源效应,但在改革中期和加入世贸组织之后,前者在减弱,后者在增强。文章最后认为,市场竞争程度、体制不确定性程度和关系拥挤程度是造成这一现象的三大宏观要素,将是学术研究和政策调整的重点所在。