“二倍工资”法律条款适用问题分析

＂二倍工资＂的相关法律条款是我国劳动合同法领域首创的法律制度,这一系列条款充分表明了我国始终坚持对劳动合同书面形式的强制,也体现出最大限度保护劳动者合法权益的立法目的。从2008年《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》出台实施至今,＂二倍工资＂的法律条款从未经过修改,对于它的争议也从未停止,各地区对于它的适用问题也存在很大分歧。为了使＂二倍工资＂的法律条款得到更好的实行,使这些存在分歧的问题能在日后出台的相关规范性文件中得以明确,就要从相关条款的法律性质、支付标准和时间节点等方面就＂二倍工资＂的适用问题进行分析,这样才能解决司法实践中适用标准不统一的问题,才能使这一系列有明确立法目的的法律条款得到更有效的实施,从而更好地保护广大劳动者的合法权益。     

Estimators of percentiles based on absolute loss

Estimators of percentiles of location and scale parameter distributions are optimized based on Pitman closeness and absolute risk. A median unbiased (MU) estimator and a minimum risk (MR) estimator are shown to exist within a class of estimators, and to depend upon the medians of two completely specified distributions.     

A generalized improvement procedure for variance bounds for minimum variance unbiased estimator in inverse sampling

New bounds are obtained for the variance of the minimum variance unbiased estimator of p i n inverse sampling. A generalized procedure for further improving the bounds is also discussed.     

略论限度观

限度对于人们生存和发展具有重要的指导意义。为更好地适应时代发展要求，人们应该确立科学合理的限度观：必须恪守“最低限度”，应该追求“最大限度”，务必防止“无意过度”，可以倡导“超越限度”。确立科学合理限度观体现了科学发展的精神，有利于和谐社会的构建，有益于社会主客体的发展。人们要在实践和感悟中去寻求、把握和发展限度。科学合理限度观的确立，必须坚持求真务实、持续发展和公正发展等实践原则。     

Equality of two blues and ridge-type estimates

Equality is shown of the g-inverse and Moore-Penrose inverse representation of the BLUE in the general linear model. The proof is based on a matrix identity which allows also to establish a functional relationship between the BLUE and Ridge-type estimates.     

The relationship between employer‐provided training and the retention of older workers: Evidence from Germany

A substantial portion of Germany's workforce will soon retire, making it difficult for businesses to meet their human capital needs; training older workers may help to manage this demographic transition. The authors therefore examine the relationships between employer‐provided training programmes, wages and retirement among older workers. They find that when establishments offer special training programmes targeted at these workers, women – especially low‐paid women – are less likely to retire, possibly because of consequent wage growth. Their results suggest that such targeted training can indeed play an important role in retaining low‐wage older women and advancing their careers.     

数论函数f(n)=n+[k/n]的最小值和最小值点

以[x]表不小于x的最小整数,设函数f(n)=n+[k/n],其中k为给定正整数,自变量n在正整数集取值。本文指出函数f(n)在整个定义域上的最小值和全部最小值点。     

PREDICTION OF THE FINITE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION UNDER GAUSSIAN SUPERPOPULATION MODELS

This article considers optimal prediction of the finite population distribution function under Gaussian superpopulation models, which allows auxiliary prior information to be incorporated into the estimation process. Large sample approximations for the variance of the optimal predictors are derived in some special important cases. A small scale Monte Carlo study illustrates comparisons between the optimal predictor and some others which are proposed in the literature. The conclusion is that the optimal predictor can be considerably more efficient in situations where the normal superpopulation model is adequate.     

社会救助:理论界定与中国的实践展开(下)

社会救助及其制度完善是转型中国社会和法制生活中的一个聚焦点,纵观目前国内学界关于社会救助的理论研究和现实中的社会救助实践,尚存许多不尽如人意之处,特别是关于"社会救助"的界定及社会救助制度构建等方面,或者在一些常识性问题的理解中夹杂着诸多观念混淆甚至错误,或者缺失对中国社会救助立法及其转型背景的重视。本文的目的在于:通过重回"社会救助"的制度事实、价值理念和语词逻辑原点,以期对社会救助的理论做一些系统性思考,进而以此为参照系,立足于中国社会的转型背景及其对社会救助提出的特殊要求,从立法体例、救助内容和管理体制等三个主要方面来检讨中国社会救助的现实制度并关照其未来的发展。     

Simulation of right and left truncated gamma distributions by mixtures

We study the properties of truncated gamma distributions and we derive simulation algorithms which dominate the standard algorithms for these distributions. For the right truncated gamma distribution, an optimal accept–reject algorithm is based on the fact that its density can be expressed as an infinite mixture of beta distribution. For integer values of the parameters, the density of the left truncated distributions can be rewritten as a mixture which can be easily generated. We give an optimal accept–reject algorithm for the other values of the parameter. We compare the efficiency of our algorithm with the previous method and show the improvement in terms of minimum acceptance probability. The algorithm proposed here has an acceptance probability which is superior to e/4.