转型期农村居民最低生活保障制度初探

针对经济转型和入世后我国农村经济发展的特点和趋势,结合当前城乡居民收入和城乡社会保障制度的现状,指出在城市社会保障体系不断得到完善的情况下,应大力建设农村社会保障体系,尤其是应加快农村居民最低生活保障制度的建设,这关系到农村社会的稳定,国家经济的安全。     

Minimum wages and poverty with income-sharing

Textbook analysis tells us that in a competitive labor market, the introduction of a minimum wage above the competitive equilibrium wage will cause unemployment. This paper makes three contributions to the basic theory of the minimum wage. First, we analyze the effects of a higher minimum wage in terms of poverty rather than in terms of unemployment. Second, we extend the standard textbook model to allow for income-sharing between employed and unemployed persons in society. Third, we extend the basic model to deal with income sharing within families. We find that there are situations in which a higher minimum wage raises poverty, others where it reduces poverty, and yet others in which poverty is unchanged. We characterize precisely how the poverty effect depends on four parameters: the degree of poverty aversion, the elasticity of labor demand, the ratio of the minimum wage to the poverty line, and the extent of income-sharing. Thus, shifting the perspective from unemployment to poverty leads to a considerable enrichment of the theory of the minimum wage.      

江苏农村最低生活保障制度的现状、问题与完善对策

向农村居民提供最低生活保障是政府应尽的义务,是文明社会的必然要求。本文分析了江苏农村最低生活保障的现状、问题与完善对策,希有助于江苏农村最低生活保障制度的建设。     

企业内部冲突与企业劳资关系

随着社会主义市场经济的不断发展,企业特别是非公有制企业老板和高层管理者--资方代表和在本企业工作但没有任何投资的人即劳方之间的关系,出现了前所未有的现象,企业劳资双方的冲突经常发生,甚至出现了罢工!解决此类问题靠传统的做法显然不行.所以,该文着重探讨企业劳资关系的解决方法,并借鉴德国的经验,为现实问题的解决提供一个思路.     

Protecting children in Scotland: examining the impact of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995

This paper discusses findings from a small‐scale study of the impact on child protection practice following implementation of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995. The Act introduced three new measures to allow the state to intervene in families to protect a child where there is a risk of significant harm. These include the child protection order, the child assessment order and the exclusion order. The child protection order provides for the removal of a child to (or his or her retention in) a place of safety. In the first two years of the operation of the 1995 Act fewer applications were made for this order compared with similar provisions under the previous legislation. This reduction in applications appears to be related to unfamiliarity with new legislation; greater scrutiny resulting from the more formal application to the sheriff court; and the introduction of a new legal criterion for intervention, the presence or likelihood of ‘significant harm’. The introduction of the ‘no order’ principle into Scottish child care law is also likely to be a factor.     

Reduced Rank Discrimination

In this paper the problem of classifying an individual with p characteristics into one of k multivariate normal distributions with common unknown covariance matrix is considered when the matrix of ( k +1) means has a linear structural relationship, that is, it lies in an r -dimensional plane, where r 相似文献   

An operative extension of the likelihood ratio test from fuzzy data

In the present paper we are going to extend the likelihood ratio test to the case in which the available experimental information involves fuzzy imprecision (more precisely, the observable events associated with the random experiment concerning the test may be characterized as fuzzy subsets of the sample space, as intended by Zadeh, 1965). In addition, we will approximate the immediate intractable extension, which is based on Zadeh’s probabilistic definition, by using the minimum inaccuracy principle of estimation from fuzzy data, that has been introduced in previous papers as an operative extension of the maximum likelihood method.     

对函数sin(kx+)一个性质的探讨

本文探讨如何找最小正实数k,使f(x)=sin(kx+)在任意两个整数间至少有一个最大值1与一个最小值-1,导出了函数f(x)的周期T与f(x)具有上述性质的关系,然后把问题简化为在0≤φ≤π/2的范围内讨论,并得出了φ为0,π/2,q/p·π/2(q/p为既约真分数)及其它四种情况的最小正实数k。     

Theory of optimal blocking of nonregular factorial designs

The authors introduce the notion of split generalized wordlength pattern (GWP), i.e., treatment GWP and block GWP, for a blocked nonregular factorial design. They generalize the minimum aberration criterion to suit this type of design. Connections between factorial design theory and coding theory allow them to obtain combinatorial identities that govern the relationship between the split GWP of a blocked factorial design and that of its blocked consulting design. These identities work for regular and nonregular designs. Furthermore, the authors establish general rules for identifying generalized minimum aberration (GMA) blocked designs through their blocked consulting designs. Finally they tabulate and compare some GMA blocked designs from Hall's orthogonal array OA(16,2¹5,2) of type III.