美国《双语教育法》颁布的社会背景研究——基于霍姆斯的四模式分析框架

在美国的中小学校除英语之外讲各种语言的学生,或者说那些不会讲英语的学生,他们的教育需求长期得不到妥善的解决。1968年颁布的《双语教育法》表明,美国联邦政府承认了美国学校体制中长期存在的只能使用英语教学的单语教学问题,如何使教学语言多样性是一个亟待解决的核心问题。以霍姆斯的四模式为分析框架,把颁布《双语教育法》时纷繁复杂的社会背景置于规范模式、组织制度模式、精神状态模式和自然环境模式中进行分析,结果显示:(1)移民人口剧增并逐步扩展到新的区域,给美国公立学校造成了巨大压力;(2)司法判例对所实施的隔离但平等原则的彻底否定催生了新的希望;(3)少数族裔群体谴责主流社会的不公平,他们要求身份认同和获得更多权利的呼声愈来愈大;(4)联邦政府对保障国防安全、消除贫困现象等多重利益的考量,促成了《双语教育法》的颁布。     

空间批评视角下的《生日》

从空间批评视角看,文本中的空间不再是静止的＂容器＂,而是一种蕴含多维文化信息的指涉系统,注重文本中空间的社会、文化属性。在美国华裔作家雷祖威的短篇小说《生日》中,与华裔青年华莱士·王的爱情故事相关的几个空间场景不仅再现了华裔的现实生活世界,更充分展示了他们居于社会边缘的处境与内心疏离的痛苦。     

The cost‐effectiveness of UK parenting programmes for preventing children's behaviour problems – a review of the evidence

Parenting programmes are widely used in the UK, promoted in policy documents as a cost‐effective way for children's services to address behaviour problems and thereby the longer‐term costs associated with conduct disorders, particularly antisocial behaviour and criminality. To explore whether these programmes are a cost‐effective component of family intervention, this paper examines evidence from cost‐effectiveness studies based on randomized controlled trials, modelling studies estimating longer‐term costs and outcomes, and studies estimating costs of UK parenting programmes, including evidence from routine practice. Findings indicate that parenting programmes have the potential to be cost‐saving in the long term; however, gaps in the evidence include: lack of follow‐up of families who drop out of programmes, absence of control groups in longer‐term follow‐ups, and little information about costs and effects of programmes in routine practice. The size of savings resulting from implementation of effective parenting programmes will depend on the extent to which families likely to be most costly to society attend and experience lasting benefit.     

试论民族地区建立“环境侵权责任社会分担机制”的必要性

环境侵权责任社会分担是一种将因环境侵权行为所造成的损失转移到社会,由侵权行为人以外的主体完全或部分分担损失金额的侵权赔偿责任机制。社会连带理论为其提供了正当性基础。从伦理学、经济学、政治学和社会学角度均能证明民族地区建立环境侵权责任社会分担机制的必要性。     

幸福学视角下构建幸福家庭的实践研究

幸福家庭是家庭发展的高级阶段，是家庭成员一生的共同追求。本文立足于幸福学理论，探讨发展性、多元化的家庭幸福观，并从转变幸福观念、引导家庭成员挖掘幸福资源、提升家庭成员的主观幸福感、寻找幸福家庭的支点、构建家庭共同体等核心环节入手，提出幸福家庭建设的具体对策,以提高家庭成员的幸福感，改善家庭成员的内部矛盾，在一定程度上为建设幸福家庭这一影响经济发展和社会稳定的民生大计提供决策参考。     

Asymptotic theory for maximum likelihood estimates in reduced-rank multivariate generalized linear models

Reduced-rank regression is a dimensionality reduction method with many applications. The asymptotic theory for reduced rank estimators of parameter matrices in multivariate linear models has been studied extensively. In contrast, few theoretical results are available for reduced-rank multivariate generalized linear models. We develop M-estimation theory for concave criterion functions that are maximized over parameter spaces that are neither convex nor closed. These results are used to derive the consistency and asymptotic distribution of maximum likelihood estimators in reduced-rank multivariate generalized linear models, when the response and predictor vectors have a joint distribution. We illustrate our results in a real data classification problem with binary covariates.     

Deactivating the Buttons: Integrating Radical Exposure Tapping with a Family Therapy Framework

The purpose of this paper is to describe and illustrate with case examples a brief intervention termed Radical Exposure Tapping (RET). RET can be integrated with family therapy to address stuck points where the therapy is hindered by a family member's affective block, an intense and unchangeable emotional reactivity to a specific trigger. RET draws from the methodology of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and combines it with the tapping sequence of the Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) to produce an intervention that is more flexible than EMDR, provides greater rigor than using the EFT technique alone and can be effective in a single session within the context of family therapy. The paper puts this work into context by first over viewing definitions of trauma and Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder, arguing that family members' emotional reactivity may be a symptom of PTSD even when they would not qualify for the diagnosis because they had not experienced a life threatening event.     

War Leaves an Enduring Legacy in Combatants’ Lives

The memory of combat experience endures in World War II veterans. As veterans age, traumatic memory that previously may have been suppressed in the busyness of family and everyday life can re-emerge. Combat stress may affect not only the veterans, but also those people closely associated with them. Interviews were conducted with World War II veteran aircrew, wives, children, grandchildren, siblings, and friends to examine the impact of combat experience on the veterans and the family across the life course from the perspectives of the various participants. The combat experience significantly affected the life course of most.     

Lesbians and the Choice to Parent

No abstract available for this article.