新课程改革:中庸哲学的视点

中庸哲学是儒家学派的世界观、认识论和方法论,它对我国当前新一轮课程改革的重要启示在于:"和谐"是课程改革的价值诉求;"创生"为课程实施的有效途径;"执中"是课程管理的理想境界.从中庸哲学探讨课程改革问题对于我国当前基础教育课程文化重建提供了有效参考.     

卓越教师培养的目标取向与价值内涵

就哲学内涵而言,卓越教师追求人格健全与完善、具有自我超越精神,能够演化一种“生生之意”的教育,并有“极高明而道中庸”的德性。从人格结构的角度来说,卓越教师具有责任意识、创新精神、国际视野、审美情怀与实践能力五种人格素养的基本特征,并论述了其内存的关联,把对卓越教师的人格结构理解为德、智、乐、能发展的综合。     

The relationship between presenteeism and job satisfaction: A mediated moderation model using work engagement and perceived organizational support

Research on presenteeism has largely focused on its prevalence, determinants and consequences on the health of both employees and organizations. To date, few studies have examined the influence of presenteeism on workers’ attitudinal and motivational responses. Based on the Effort–Recovery Theory, this study evaluates the mediating effect of work engagement in the relationship between presenteeism and job satisfaction. Building on previous work, this study also proposes to consider perceived organizational support as a moderator of the work engagement–job satisfaction relationship. Presented in the form of a mediated moderation model, the results of bootstrapped regression analyses show three main results. First, presenteeism is negatively associated with work engagement and job satisfaction. Secondly, work engagement is one of the factors through which presenteeism influences job satisfaction. Thirdly, perceived organizational support moderates the association between work engagement and job satisfaction so that, at a low level of work engagement, feeling supported by the organization makes a difference on job satisfaction. Overall, this research is part of the limited number of studies that have focused on the interplay existing between presenteeism and its consequences in terms of job attitudes.     

中国对外投资动因、制度调节与地区差异

通过整合制度观和资源观,将两者放在统一的分析框架中,考察中国企业如何利用母国制度优势克服竞争性资源占有方面的劣势,从而实现国际化战略目标。与传统思路分别分析各种内部资源和企业外部制度因素对于企业国际化的作用不同,运用调节变量的研究方法,分析母国制度因素对于资源与国际化关系的调节作用,利用2003年至2009年中国省级对外投资面板数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明,政府资源配置能力对于不同类型的资源与对外投资的关系确实起重要的调节作用,但调节的方向和强度不同,并受地区差异的影响,表明制度因素对对外投资的影响是有条件的。通过发现制度的调节作用,为中国企业为何在缺乏企业特别所有权优势的情况下仍然能够进行对外直接投资提供一个全新角度的解释。     

实验研究中的调节变量和中介变量

调节变量和中介变量是社会科学研究中的重要概念,已有研究多是从统计计算方法角度描述和检验这两种变量的作用.以消费心理学领域的实例来阐述调节变量、中介变量、有中介的调节、有调节的中介,试图让读者从实验研究角度认识和理解调节变量和中介变量的理论构建、测量和检验.     

Intercultural literacy dialogue: international assessment moderation in early childhood teacher education

ABSTRACT

This research reports intercultural dialogue of meaning making in literacy by lecturers, engaged with an assessment moderation process of early childhood education (ECE) preservice teacher education across Australia, New Zealand and Sweden. The purpose of the dialogue was to inform pedagogical and conceptual knowledge in their courses. The research question is: How does intercultural dialogue inform teacher education literacy practices? Methods include (1) a blind assessment review process using 30 examples from ‘high’ to ‘low’ exemplars of ECE students’ literacy assessment annotations, some from each country, and (2) textual analysis of intercultural student feedback and reflection from student forum comments and, semi-structured reflexive interviews with students about the assessment moderation process. Rich academic reflections on the data have led to our recommendations that the conceptual framework of intercultural praxis could be applied in early childhood preservice teacher education practice. Further, we suggest there are increased possibilities for the use of intercultural literacy with ECE preservice student teachers using virtual and explicit collaborations and texts as explained in this research.     

Relationships between stressful work environments and bullying: Results of a large representative study

This paper contributes to the relatively sparse knowledge about relationships between stressful work environments and bullying. Relationships between job stressors and leadership behaviour were analysed as possible predictors of bullying at work on the basis of the work environment hypothesis, which states that stressful and poorly organized work environments may give rise to conditions resulting in bullying. Analyses of a representative sample (n=2539) of the Norwegian workforce showed role conflict, interpersonal conflicts, and tyrannical and laissez-faire leadership behaviour to be strongly related to bullying, and that the strength of associations to a high degree differed for various measures of bullying. Support was found for an interactive relationship between decision authority and role conflict at different levels of laissez-faire leadership. Not only targets and bully/targets but also bystanders assessed their work environment more negatively than did non-involved employees, while perpetrators of bullying did not differ significantly from non-involved employees as regards their perception of the work environment. Hence, bullying is likely to prevail in stressful working environments characterized by high levels of interpersonal friction and destructive leadership styles. In addition, bullying is particularly prevalent in situations where the immediate supervisor avoids intervening in and managing such stressful situations.     

意识形态运行机制的现代化

中国共产党意识形态的现代化取决于本体结构的现代化,也有赖于运行机制的现代化。意识形态运行原则的适度化、对象的主体化、方式的多样化、动力的利益化等表征着意识形态运行机制的现代化转向。     

The effect of comment moderation on perceived bias in science news

Uncivil comments following online news articles about issues of science and technology have been shown to lead to biased interpretations of the news content itself. Using an experiment embedded in a nationally representative survey, we provide evidence that cues about comment moderation ? even without any change in the comments themselves ? have the potential to alleviate this so-called nasty effect. Participants exposed to uncivil comments that appear in a moderated environment were less likely to perceive bias in the news article itself. Importantly, perceptions of bias among respondents exposed to the uncivil, moderated stimulus were comparable to those of respondents who viewed both moderated and unmoderated civil comments. Our results suggest that visible cues about comment moderation are a potentially valuable endeavor for news organizations, especially in an age of declining profit margins.     

中国交通基础设施投资适度性理论及实证检验

针对中国大力发展交通基础设施投资,注重扩大建设规模实现区域覆盖的建设模式,以及地方政府之间激烈竞争造成的交通基础设施投资规模不断增长的现状,不少学者提出交通基础设施投资过度的警示。文章着重研究交通基础设施投资"度"的问题,提出交通基础设施投资存在适度性的观点。首先,在古诺模型经典理论的基础上对交通基础设施对经济的影响效应以及相互关系进行了理论模型构建。其次,在理论模型的基础上,以公路为例,采用中国各省份1978-2011年的面板数据进行实证检验,得出结论:经济发展与交通基础设施投资建设之间呈倒"U"型关系。即在交通基础投资建设初期,交通基础设施规模的增加解决经济发展的瓶颈,促进经济的发展。随着交通基础设施投资规模的继续扩大化,将超过经济和社会发展的需求,造成资源的闲置和浪费,对经济产造成不利影响。交通基础设施投资达到一个适度的程度能够实现经济产出的最大化。再次,在适度性理论的基础上,建立最优路网密度模型,说明交通基础设施投资与经济发展之间是一种动态均衡的关系。通过运用部分OECD国家的国际数据估计出交通基础设施投资建设的适度规模,以此评价中国各省市路网密度的适度性。评价结果表明,中国大多数省份处于交通基础设施投资不足的状况,其中西藏、新疆等中西部省份交通基础设施严重匮乏。而北京、重庆等直辖市以及旅游型城市海南则出现了交通基础设施投资过度的情况。最后,提出建议:中国交通基础设施建设投资应当遵循适度性原则,避免盲目的进行规模扩大化建设,应更加注重质的提高,提高交通基础设施利用率;充分结合各地区的实际需求实现交通基础设施投资的差异化,注重地方政府间区域间的协调与合作,实现区域间交通基础设施的有效沟通和衔接,提高中国交通基础施设整体水平。