近代国际法与中法马江战役

晚清中法马江战役期间,法国和中国对近代国际法持有大相径庭的态度。深谙公法的法国屡屡干犯国际法,公然蔑视公法的道义与权威。与此同时,清朝却诚实而谨慎地应用国际法处理国际关系,努力恪守国际法外交、战时条例。近代国际法在马江战役期间中法双方的不同应用和对待,彰显了国际法背后的强权殖民行为和它对弱国极其有限的维权作用。     

Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to Predict Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties on Positive and Negative Affect Among Adolescents in Disadvantaged Communities

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to predict the positive and negative affects of emotional and behavioral difficulties among adolescent boys and girls aged between 14 and 21 years living in disadvantaged communities. A total of 316 adolescents—181 boys and 135 girls—living in the Seri Pantai and Pantai Ria Public Housing Projects in Kuala Lumpur were invited to complete the questionnaire. The results showed that conduct and peer problems were the most prevalent emotional and behavioral difficulties experienced by these adolescents. As expected, the emotional symptoms were more common among the girls than the boys. A further analysis showed that emotional symptoms, peer problems, and low prosocial behavior were predictors of the negative affect of emotional and behavioral difficulties while negative emotional symptoms and high hyperactivity were predictors of a positive affect. The findings suggested that three subscales of SDQ are required to produce a negative affect, and two subscales of SDQ for a positive affect.     

胡塞尔生活世界的两种含义——兼谈欧洲科学与人的危机及其克服

胡塞尔所说的“生活世界”有两种含义:一是作为经验实在的客观生活世界,一是作为纯粹先验现象的主观生活世界,二者之间隔着一道先验还原的界限。不同意义上的“生活世界”与科学及人的生存的关系也不同:在胡塞尔看来,前者是近代科学产生的基础,也是造成科学“危机”与人的“危机”的根源;后者则有可能为我们提供一条克服这种危机的途径。     

The Role of Family in Career Choices among Social Workers in China

Abstract

High turnover rate affects social work workforce development in China. Few empirical studies have been conducted to explore the factors that have influences on turnover intention among Chinese social workers. This study used data from China General Survey on Professional Social Workers to examine the influence of job satisfaction and family attitude on social workers’ career choices. The findings reveal that both job satisfaction and family’ attitude toward the profession have significant effects on social workers’ turnover intention. Family’s support or disapproval of the social work profession has moderate effect on the negative correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention. The findings could be explained by the familyism culture of Chinese society and unique challenges of professional development experienced by social workers in China. Future studies should consider the influence of family to develop a more comprehensive research framework. Management in social service agencies should help family of social workers to learn and embrace the profession to gain their support of choosing social work as career.     

控制性股东侵占行为及其负外部性研究

如何保护投资者利益免受侵害和提高资本市场效率是在转型经济背景下中国公司治理、产权制度以及金融市场改革过程中亟待解决的关键问题之一.然而,控制性股东主导的公司治理中,相对于控制性股东监督效应而言,控制性股东侵占效应是占优均衡.控制权私人收益的排他性使得侵占行为同时具有很强的负外部性.解决问题的关键在于通过动态配置决策权来建立有效的制衡机制优化公司治理机制以实现利益相关者间的互惠相容.     

Leader negative feedback-seeking and leader effectiveness in leader-subordinate relationships: The paradoxical role of subordinate expertise

From a motivational perspective of feedback-seeking behavior, we examined the mediating role of leaders' negative feedback-seeking from subordinates in the relationship between the quality of leader-member exchange (LMX) and subordinates' evaluation of leader effectiveness, along with the moderating role of subordinate expertise in the mediated relationship. Using 151 unique matched sets of leader and subordinate reports obtained from 5 large Korean companies, we found that the positive relationship between LMX and leader effectiveness was mediated by leaders' negative feedback-seeking. Additionally, the positive relationship between LMX and leader negative feedback-seeking was stronger when perceived subordinate expertise was lower. Lastly, the indirect effect of LMX on leader effectiveness through leader negative feedback-seeking was stronger when perceived subordinate expertise was lower. These findings were obtained after controlling for leaders' power distance and goal orientations that might influence their motives to seek or avoid feedback. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Risk–risk governance in a low-carbon future: Exploring institutional,technological, and behavioral tradeoffs in climate geoengineering pathways

Deliberations are underway to utilize increasingly radical technological options to help address climate change and stabilize the climatic system. Collectively, these options are often referred to as “climate geoengineering.” Deployment of such options, however, can create wicked tradeoffs in governance and require adaptive forms of risk management. In this study, we utilize a large and novel set of qualitative expert interview data to more deeply and systematically explore the types of risk–risk tradeoffs that may emerge from the use of 20 different climate geoengineering options, 10 that focus on carbon dioxide or greenhouse gas removal, and 10 that focus on solar radiation management and reflecting sunlight. We specifically consider: What risks does the deployment of these options entail? What types of tradeoffs may emerge through their deployment? We apply a framework that clusters risk–risk tradeoffs into institutional and governance, technological and environmental, and behavioral and temporal dimensions. In doing so, we offer a more complete inventory of risk–risk tradeoffs than those currently available within the respective risk-assessment, energy-systems, and climate-change literatures, and we also point the way toward future research gaps concerning policy, deployment, and risk management.     

收益率分布主观模型及其实证分析

在累积展望理论基础上,通过累积概率描述主观因素对内在价值分布的影响,建立收益率分布主观模型。建立从经验收益率数据中估计投资群体的风险追求程度、投资情绪和非完全理性程度等行为变量参数的方法。利用沪市A股数据,进行χ2同分布拟合检验,结果表明:0.05水平下,沪市69.56%股票的收益率分布认为符合收益率分布主观模型,接受t分布、双正态混合分布、稳定分布和正态分布假设的股票分别为56.31%、44.80%、46.06%和1.74%。通过比较大、小公司投资群体的行为差异,以及利用收益率主观模型估计的内在价值信息参数和行为参数对截面个股收益率进行解释的实证分析,表明收益率分布主观模型及估计行为参数的方法具有合理性。     

高绩效工作系统对员工敬业度的影响机理研究

基于对782名服务业和制造业员工进行的调查,分析了高绩效工作系统对员工敬业度的影响及作用机制。研究表明,高绩效工作系统对员工敬业度的积极影响不是直接的,工作幸福感的核心概念——积极情绪和工作满意度在其中起完全中介作用,而消极情绪的中介作用未得到支持。研究发现,高绩效工作系统实质上是动机激励的工作环境塑造系统,由此形成了激发员工内在工作动机和积极心理体验的组织环境。此外,进一步揭示了工作幸福感是促进员工敬业的关键环节,启示组织应加强员工工作中的情感管理,塑造员工积极的心理力量,从而构建幸福组织。     

C2C 环境中顾客重复购买行为的实证与建模

通过分析C2C 商家的交易记录, 发现单个商家的顾客重复购买次数呈幂律分布, 这与重复购买理论以往得到的购买次数为负二项分布的结论不同. 基于C2C 交易的实际情况, 建立了具有购买强化效应的购买概率模型, 模型很好的解释了顾客重复购买率呈幂律分布的现象.实证和模型表明, C2C 环境中, 顾客购买次数的分布具有很长的尾部, 大量顾客有低的购买次数, 而少数顾客有很高的重复购买次数;模型还揭示了巨大的潜在顾客数量和顾客多次购买的强化效应是造成重复购买分布呈幂律形式的重要原因.