语言的经济学与大学英语教育

大学英语教育应该遵循市场经济规律，客观理性地认识大学英语学习动机，语言的经济价值与经济效益及教育资源配置，以准确把握市场需求，有效开发教师知识资源，提高学生的主体认知能力和自主学习能力。在课程体系建设上要注重语言知识和技能的结合，通过英语加强文化素质和跨学科专业知识的整合，提高学生综合竞争实力。     

论网络外部性下移动通信技术的选择

通过对网络外部性理论进行分析，对网络外部性（Network externality）以及梅特卡夫定律（Metcalfe’s law）简述，在Katz、Shapiro等学者对网络外部性研究的基础之上引入效用函数，并着重以移动通信技术的选择为例，以效用函数为核心建立简单的数学模型，从消费者、运营商、政府三个方面综合分析，最终近似得出移动通信技术选择的可行性区域，旨在为我国移动通信业的持续发展，提供一种思维角度和方法。     

基于储蓄内生化的中国均衡积累率研究

论文以拉姆齐消费动态模型中的储蓄内生化分析框架为基础,并以中国相关统计数据测算出的各项参数为依据,对中国储蓄内生化的均衡积累率进行了模拟,给出了以消费路径为基础的、不同数量界面的均衡积累路径,并进行了简要分析。     

语言的学、用、效率和对大学英语教学改革的启示

大学英语改革应该重视效率问题。语言用和学的关系既是语言的学习效率,也是语言学习的投资效率的决定因素。在大学英语教育中,从用和学的关系着眼,注意学科差异,尊重学生选择,加强英语教学高效板块建设,是高校英语教学改革一条有价值的思路。     

Multi-attribute utility methods in group decision making: Past applications and potential for inclusion in GDSS

This paper reviews a variety of studies in which multi-attribute utility theory (MAU) has been used successfully to aid group decision processes and discusses the incorporation of MAU in Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS). GDSS of various levels of automation have been proposed to aid group decision making. A number of commercial GDSSs are available which are capable of aiding generation of alternatives, their evaluation, and selection. Many authors have promoted the incorporation of quantitative decision making models in GDSS. The most appropriate quantitative tool for GDSS is MAU, but MAU has rarely been utilized. The cases reviewed illustrate that the use of MAU techniques is not prohibitively difficult or complex.     

The value of information in anticipated utility theory

A well-known property of expected utility theory is that the value of information is nonnegative. Given the widespread dissatisfaction with the expected utility hypothesis, a natural question to ask is whether competing theories of choice preserve this property. This article considers one widely discussed alternative to expected utility, anticipated utility theory. We show that, like expected utility, the anticipated value of perfect information is always nonnegative. The value of imperfect information, however, may be negative, though the precise valuation of information depends upon whether the reduction of compound lotteries axiom is used to derive the anticipated utility functional.I am indebted to Edi Karni, Peter Wakker, and an anonymous referee for helpful comments on earlier versions of this article. They are of course in no way responsible for errors or obscurities in the present version.     

Quality Provision with Heterogeneous Consumer Reservation Utilities

This study examines a firm's quality and price decisions when consumers differ not only in their willingness‐to‐pay for quality but also in their reservation utility for the basic product. We find that while the firm offers lower‐quality products when consumers' valuations for quality deteriorate, the optimal quality may increase with a negative shift in consumers' reservation utilities. We also investigate the optimal price and quality of the products within a vertically differentiated product line when the number of products is exogenously given. The existing literature shows that when consumers differ only in their willingness‐to‐pay for quality, the firm sets the efficient quality for consumers with the highest valuation for quality, whereas the concern for cannibalization pushes down the quality of inferior products. We find that when consumers are heterogeneous in both their reservation utility and valuation for quality, the concern for cannibalization may distort the quality upwards, even for consumers with the highest willingness‐to‐pay for quality. In addition, a low‐quality product may enjoy a higher profit margin than a high‐quality product within the product line.     

农户金融需求行为及其影响因素的实证研究

随着改革开放的发展和农民生活水平的提高,农户对金融的需求愈加强烈。基于沈阳周边农户的300份调查问卷,运用世代交叠模型模拟农户经济行为,建立二元Logit模型,对影响沈阳农户金融需求效用的因素进行实证分析。指出农户的家庭收入、经营状况、固定资产、土地、贷款金额和城镇经济状况等因素都对农户金融需求效用存在显著影响,并提出了促进沈阳周边农村金融发展的政策建议,旨为沈阳地区农村经济发展提供借鉴。     

Eliciting decision weights by adapting de Finetti’s betting-odds method to prospect theory

This paper extends de Finetti’s betting-odds method for assessing subjective beliefs to ambiguous events. Thus, a tractable manner for measuring decision weights under ambiguity is obtained. De Finetti’s method is so transparent that decision makers can evaluate the relevant tradeoffs in complex situations. The resulting data can easily be analyzed, using nonparametric techniques. Our extension is implemented in an experiment on predicting next-day’s performance of the Dow Jones and Nikkei stock indexes, where we test the existence and nature of rank dependence, finding usual patterns. We also find violations of rank dependence.

Learning in the Allais paradox

Whereas both the Allais paradox, the first empirical challenge of the classical rationality assumptions, and learning have been the focus of many experimental investigations, no experimental study exists today into learning in the pure context of the Allais paradox. This paper presents such a study. We find that choices converge to expected utility maximization if subjects are given the opportunity to learn by both thought and experience, but less so when they learn by thought only. To the extent that genuine preferences should be measured with proper learning and incentives, our study gives the first pure demonstration that irrationalities such as in the Allais paradox are less pronounced than often thought. Paul Anand and Stefan Trautmann made helpful comments.