人工智能作为“一般生产条件”的社会主义向度审视

人工智能作为生产工具的高级形态,对推进社会主义的发展,实现共产主义社会的远大目标具有重要影响。对照马克思主义视域中的“基础设施”,人工智能可能成为马克思口中的“一般生产条件”。秉持马克思主义的辩证思维,文章从生产力和生产关系的辩证关系层面考察人工智能成为一般生产条件的可能性,立足于人工智能在生产、生活、消费领域的普及运用,分析人工智能作为“一般生产条件”引发的诸多社会议题,这种研究有助于理性地探讨人工智能作为“一般生产条件”在社会主义发展过程中的合理运用及在学理层面厘清人工智能的本质,有助于构建以社会主义为导向的人工智能发展新模式。     

世界大变局下中国外交能力建设:目标与路径

外交能力是国家实力的重要构成要素,外交能力大小是影响一国国际地位和影响力的重要变量。中国特色大国外交的时代命题,就是要主动塑造中国作为一个世界大国所应有的外交体系和外交能力,外交能力建设自始便是中国特色大国外交的重要内容。新时代中国外交能力建设,以“两个大局”为时代坐标,着眼塑造和用好中国发展的重要战略机遇期,为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供更加有力的保障,为人类进步作出更大贡献。中国外交能力建设应以外交体制机制建设为基础,以外交理论创新为引领,以外交布局的谋划和推进为主线,以战略实施能力的全面提升为支撑。外交能力建设是一个系统工程,需要有效实现国家实力、战略目标、外交方式的相互匹配,同步推进外交体制机制改革与外交人才队伍建设,注重外交实务也要加强学术发展和智库建设。     

Steady-state behaviour of serial queueing processes with impatient customers

This paper considers the steady-state behaviour of serial queueing processes with impatient customers having random selection for service, Poisson arrivals and exponential service times where the waiting space is infinite as well as finite. The expressions for the steady-state solution and mean queue length have been derived whenever the queue-discipline is first-come,first-served     

Power periodic threshold GARCH model: Structure and estimation

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce and study the Power Periodic Threshold GARCH Model (PPTGARCH). We give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the unique strictly periodically stationary solution of the model and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of moments. A sufficient condition for the periodic geometric ergodicity and β – mixing property using the uniform countable additivity condition is given. We prove the consistency and asymptotic normality of the Quasi-Maximum Likelihood estimator (QMLE) of the parameters. Simulation studies to illustrate consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimators for different underlying error distributions are presented.     

Small sample performance of large sample tests for tobit versus p -tobit

Large sample tests for the standard To bit model versus the ^p -Tobit model by Deaton and Irish (1984) are studied. The normalized one-tailed score test by Deaton and Irish (1984) is shown to be a version of Neyman's C(α) test that is valid for the non-standard problem of the null hypothesis lying on the boundary of the parameter space. Then, this paper reports the results of Monte Carlo experiments designed to study the small sample performance of large sample tests for the standard Tobit specification versus the ^p -Tobit specification.     

Testing Fiscal Sustainability via Strong Convergence of Gaussian Random Variables

We prove, via the Borel-Cantelli lemma, that for every sequence of Gaussian random variables the combination of convergence in expectation and decreasing variances at fractional-polynomial rate implies strong convergence. This result has an important consequence for macroeconomic stochastic infinite-horizon models: The almost sure transversality condition (i.e., fiscal sustainability with probability one) is satisfied if (a) the discounted levels of net liabilities are Gaussian-distributed with fractional-polynomially decaying variances and (b) their means converge to zero. If (a) holds but (b) fails, the transversality condition will be almost surely violated. Hence, (a) and (b) constitute a test for almost sure fiscal sustainability.     

Testing for Structural Instability in Moment Restriction Models: An Info-Metric Approach

In this paper, we develop an info-metric framework for testing hypotheses about structural instability in nonlinear, dynamic models estimated from the information in population moment conditions. Our methods are designed to distinguish between three states of the world: (i) the model is structurally stable in the sense that the population moment condition holds at the same parameter value throughout the sample; (ii) the model parameters change at some point in the sample but otherwise the model is correctly specified; and (iii) the model exhibits more general forms of instability than a single shift in the parameters. An advantage of the info-metric approach is that the null hypotheses concerned are formulated in terms of distances between various choices of probability measures constrained to satisfy (i) and (ii), and the empirical measure of the sample. Under the alternative hypotheses considered, the model is assumed to exhibit structural instability at a single point in the sample, referred to as the break point; our analysis allows for the break point to be either fixed a priori or treated as occuring at some unknown point within a certain fraction of the sample. We propose various test statistics that can be thought of as sample analogs of the distances described above, and derive their limiting distributions under the appropriate null hypothesis. The limiting distributions of our statistics are nonstandard but coincide with various distributions that arise in the literature on structural instability testing within the Generalized Method of Moments framework. A small simulation study illustrates the finite sample performance of our test statistics.     

从新的高度认识"三个代表"重要思想

进一步深入学习"三个代表"重要思想具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义.为此,试图对"三个代表"重要思想产生时代背景、实践基础、科学内涵、精神实质和历史地位等作了力求深入的认识和剖析.     

以"三个代表"重要思想为指导加快教育事业发展

从发展生产力、培育"四有"新人、满足社会和人民对教育的要求等三个方面,阐述了教育 在落实"三个代表"重要思想中的地位和作用,提出必须按照"三个代表"重要思想的要求,加快吉林省教 育专业的发展,尤其要加强高校党的建设。