老龄人健康风险的政府规制问题研究

有关老龄人健康问题的主流研究侧重养老服务和医疗保障,但它的证成需以政府和个人的资财充足为前提。这脱离当下中国属于发展中国家,还不富裕的实情。因此,在当前各种资源（包括医疗资源）均有限的条件下,政府应该科学有效地规制老龄人健康风险,以最小经济成本最大程度地预防和减少老年病发生,节约社会资源。     

刑事法中被害人过错相关问题探析--以犯罪互动为视角

在犯罪互动过程中,被害人过错往往是诱发犯罪的主要原因。为此,首先应该厘清被害人过错在刑事法中的表达及其蕴藏的法理,然后通过立法将其由酌定量刑情节上升为法定量刑情节,这样将更有利于预防犯罪,尊重和保障人权,构建和谐社会。     

Comparative Use of Complementary Medicine,Allied Health,and Manual Therapies by Middle-Aged and Older Australian Women

We compared use of Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) and therapies, Allied Health interventions (AH), and Manual Therapies (MT) in middle-aged and older Australian women. Cross-sectional data from the 2007 phase of the Longitudinal study of Aging in Women (LAW study) was analyzed. Self-reported 12-month usage patterns of CAM, AH, and MT were determined by mailed questionnaire. Results revealed that 56.2% of the middle-aged group, and 55.0% of the older group used CAM, AH, and MT services in the previous 12 months (a nonsignificant difference). In contrast, there was a highly significant difference between the overall use of CAM products by middle-aged women (88.2%) and older women (67.7%: p = .002).     

Psychosocial Predictors of Self-Esteem in a Multiethnic Sample of Women Over 50 at Risk for HIV

Self-esteem is linked to high-risk behaviors in other populations but has not been examined in women aged 50 and older. This study explored how self-esteem is related to variables that can influence high-risk sexual behaviors in women over 50. A multiethnic community-based sample of 572 women aged 50 and older completed an anonymous questionnaire on sexual behaviors, sociodemographic characteristics, and psychosocial measures relevant to midlife and older women. Regression analysis showed sensation-seeking, HIV stigma, sexual assertiveness, and self-silencing predicted self-esteem in women over 50 (F = 43.632, p < .001). Factors such as relational context, interpersonal power, and silencing can affect self-esteem and may be contributing to HIV risk in this group.     

Korean Older Intimate Partner Violence Survivors in North America: Cultural Considerations and Practice Recommendations

While literature on elder abuse has expanded, elder abuse by intimate partners has been less investigated. Even less is known about intimate partner violence among older Koreans living in North America. This article identifies important cultural considerations for individuals helping the Korean older adult community, beginning with the definition of intimate partner violence in this community and barriers to leaving that include traditional views of the East Asian self. Current practice interventions are discussed and recommendations for future practice such as healing han, the accumulated suffering from years of abuse, are suggested. The ultimate goal of this paper is to expand awareness in order to develop the best culturally competent prevention and intervention practice for Korean older intimate partner violence survivors in North America.     

Health and Cultural Determinants of Voluntary HIV Testing and Counseling Among Middle-Aged and Older Latina Women

The rate of cases of HIV/AIDS in older people is increasing; indeed one out of every four people with HIV/AIDS is over age 50. This study describes the correlates of HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) using structural equation modeling techniques for a sample of 135 middle-aged and middle-aged and older Latinas in South Florida. Over 60% of participants had been tested for HIV. Provider endorsement was found to be the strongest predictor of VCT (odds ratio [OR] = 6. 38), followed by having a clinic as a regular source of healthcare (OR = 3.88). Social work implications are provided.     

Wearing the Garment of Widowhood: Variations in Time Since Spousal Loss Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

We examine how the passage of time since spousal loss varies by social and demographic characteristics, using data from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging. In multivariate analyses, African American race, female sex, lower income, and higher risk of social isolation had significant and independent associations with variation in time since spousal loss. African American women were at highest risk for long-term widowhood. Accurate characterizations of widowhood among community-dwelling older adults must consider variation in the length of time individuals are living as widowed persons and socioeconomic concomitants of long-term widowhood.     

In Search of a Future for Large-Scale Care Homes in Flanders

Housing for older people in Flanders evolves toward small-scale facilities and better quality of life. Ageing population strains the means to achieve this to the limit. The authors investigate whether and how Flemish large-scale facilities can adapt to meet contemporary and future requirements of housing for older people. By analyzing current tendencies, they depict what this housing should look like, both now and in the future. They then investigate how an existing large-scale care home could fit this picture by using design as a mode of knowledge production. They propose to redesign the site such that its actual evolution would be thoroughly redirected. Beyond the facility at issue, the study shows how Flemish large-scale facilities could develop to keep playing a role in the future. They should timely adapt their size with qualities of small-scale housing schemes, and integrate in the neighborhood.     

Meaning as outcome: Understanding the complexity of decision-making around residential placement in aged care

Abstract

Changes in aged care and health policy have introduced an increasingly complex assessment, resource option, and economic and regulatory context for decision-making regarding relocation to residential care. This paper reports on a study exploring residential placement from the perspective of spouses who place a long-term partner in an aged care facility. It highlights the importance of understanding the meaning of such decision-making for the spouse who remains at home and explores the ways in which the placement is constructed as either a continuation of, or a refusal to, care for a long-term partner. The paper draws out the implications for social work practice and identifies the challenge to merge knowledge of resource packages, care options and financial arrangements with a concern with the processes of decision-making and the emotional and symbolic aspects of such decisions.     

The Built Environment,Health, and Longevity

Abstract

This paper reviews and integrates interdisciplinary literature that investigates the influence of the built environment on the subjective and objective health status of older persons that may improve their quality and quantity of remaining years of life. The development, expansion and synthesis of person-environment and ecological models provides the theoretical foundation. Central to this discussion is the identification and elaboration of salutogenic and pathogenic pathways (Antonovsky, 1979) through which the built environment may influence health, functioning and longevity. Research and knowledge drawn from literature on relocation, housing characteristics and well-being, the meaning of home, delay of institutionalization, technological devices, falls and other injuries, and healthy communities is used to demonstrate environmental pathways to health and longevity.