Substitution in statutory and voluntary support for relatives of older people

This study investigates the relationship between statutory and voluntary activity in the field of support to family carers of older people in Sweden. The relationship is considered in regard to substitution theory. A survey was conducted comprising 80 local authorities and 358 voluntary organisations. All the local authorities and about a third of the voluntary organisations arranged support activities. The number of activities varied substantially across the municipalities. However, correlation analysis found no significant relationship between local authority and voluntary activity, even though both sometimes arranged the same kinds of activities. In other words, this study finds no support for substitution theory. On the contrary, it shows that a higher level of voluntary activity is found in municipalities where the local authority cooperates with or supports voluntary organisations.     

刑事被害人国家补偿制度之理论探微

作为刑事被害人国家补偿制度的传统理论依据,“国家责任论”具有合理成分但有失偏颇;“社会福利论”符合现实要求但有失公平;“命运论”符合客观规律但有悖情理。在均衡保障人权理念日益彰显的当今时代,有必要将其导入刑事被害人国家补偿制度理论体系,使刑事被害人之人权保障不再成为“被遗忘的角落”。     

中外货币犯罪宏观比较研究

各国和地区刑法对货币犯罪虽然都作了规定,但彼此差异较大。文章着重对各国和地区刑法 规定的货币犯罪行为、犯罪对象、主观目的作一比较研究。     

完善刑事被害人社会救助制度的思考

我国的社会救助制度已经可以在一定的程度上对刑事被害人实施社会救助。但存在的问题是:在治疗费用、生活照顾和心理救助方面考虑不够。完善刑事被害人社会救助制度的基本思路是:在医疗保险制度中明确规定,刑事被害人也属于医疗保险的保障范围;建立刑事被害人生活照顾制度;建立刑事被害人心理救助制度。     

A Hitchhiker's Guide to caring for an older person before and during coronavirus‐19

Coronavirus‐19 (COVID‐19) has reconfigured working lives with astonishing velocity. Older people have suffered the worst effects of the pandemic, with governments marginalizing or overlooking their needs. Women perform the majority of care for older people, often compromising their working lives and health. Yet in academic articles their voices are often filtered or aggregated in quantitative studies. Based on a weave of personal experiences and secondary research, the article traces a path through UK forms of care and shows how the inadequate response to COVID‐19 stemmed from existing policies embedded in health and social care. COVID‐19 has severed important informal care work, rendering the vulnerable yet more exposed and carers anxious and bereft. Longitudinal research capturing the trajectory of care from the perspective of older people and their carers would lead to improved support hence gender equality.     

The understudied half of undergraduates: Risky sexual behaviors among community college students

Abstract

Objective: This study examines the prevalence and risk factors associated with risky sexual behaviors in community college students. Participants: A diverse sample of 18–19-year-old community college students (N?=?264). Methods: Baseline data from an online prevention program administered in 2015. Results: Community college students in this sample disproportionately experienced sexual assault and were unlikely to test for STIs. Higher intentions to engage in risky sexual behaviors were associated with gender and sexual experience, but also with having lower intentions to communicate with a sexual partner about pregnancy and STIs, and having higher gender norm endorsement. Conclusions: Older adolescents attending community colleges may be at high risk for poor sexual health outcomes, and appropriate theory-based education should be tailored to meet the needs of these underserved students.     

Using Generational Intelligence to Examine Community Care Work between Younger and Older Adults

Exploring the factors that contribute to sustainable forms of an intergenerational relationship is becoming an important conceptual and practical challenge, not least because of the growing need for an aged care workforce that is both motivated and suitably trained. Generational intelligence is a means of examining interaction between younger and older people which has been applied to community care settings. Dimensions of generational intelligence include recognising and valuing generational differences, finding common ground, plus negotiating social and practical outcomes from the situation. A case study plus a series of qualitative interviews are used to examine the value of this approach both as a means of exploring the processes involved in generational exchange and in providing recommendations for work preparation and training. It is suggested that intergenerational relations have been a missing factor in the understanding of sustainable care and that in future, service delivery should not simply be analysed as comprising professional and lay perspectives but also as containing generationally distinctive perspectives that require negotiation.     

The Evolution of Housing Typologies for Older Adults in The Netherlands From 1945 to 2016: An Analysis in the Context of Policy,Societal, and Technological Developments

This study aims to examine housing typologies for older adults in the light of three qualitatively examined exogenous factors: policy, societal developments, and technology. The developments in inpatient and assisted ambulatory housing facilities for older adults have been mapped from 1945 to 2016 using quantitative data. Using these data, five transition periods can be distinguished. Within the first transition periods, policy factors were tremendously important, while within the later ones, societal influence empowered by technological change became the primarily driving factor. This research shows that the classification of inpatient, assisted ambulatory housing, and outpatient housing may no longer be applicable in its current form.     

Intergenerational Activities that Promote Engaging Conversations are Preferred among Young and Older Adults

ABSTRACT

Loneliness negatively affects young and older adults. Intergenerational activities foster social connectedness. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, this study explored which intergenerational activities are most enjoyable for college students and retirement community residents. Demographics, loneliness, enjoyment, conversation level, and type of activity were analyzed. The enjoyment and conversation variables were positively correlated (r = .59, p < .001) which was supported by participants’ narratives. Both populations most enjoyed the activities with higher conversation levels, with the first being committees, followed by meals, one on one activities, and transportation. Retirement communities and universities should promote intergenerational activities, which include meaningful conversations.     

刑事被害人救助制度研究的文献计量分析及学术评述——以中国知网（cNKI）数据库为基本素材

刑事被害人救助制度是刑事法领域的一项重要制度,中国知网（CNKI）数据表明,我国对该制度的研究呈现出阶段性和不平衡性,研究初期成果较少,近年呈现爆发式增长。其原因有三：一是被害人救助制度缺失引发的被害人困境引发了社会及学界对该制度的关注;二是被害人救助制度的实践探索推动学术研究的发展;三是“和谐社会”政治语境的指引和导向。我国对该制度的研究取得了一定的成就,也客观存在一些问题,表现为研究持续性不够,研究视角比较狭窄、研究方法比较单一,“学术跟风”比较严重。