Changes in the structure of health complaints as related to shiftwork exposure

Abstract

Factor analyses of health complaints in groups with different length of shiftwork exposure show that the structure of these complaints changes with increasing shift experience, indicating the emergence of a shift-specific pattern of health complaints. After about 15 years of shiftwork, complaints related to disturbances of circadian-controlled functions can be found in the first factor whereas other complaints have their dominant loadings on a separate factor, representing general, non-shift-specific impairments. The results indicate that in this way shift-specific components of health impairment can be separated from other non-shift related components.     

Living Behind Dikes: Mimicking Flooding Experiences

Delta areas like the Netherlands are threatened by global climate change. Awareness is, however, rather low. Our research objective was to investigate whether coping responses to flooding risks could be enhanced in a virtual environment (VE). A laboratory experiment was conducted in which participants were exposed to a simulated dike breach and consequent flooding of their virtual residence. We tested the hypothesis that an interactive 3D flood simulation facilitates coping responses compared to noninteractive film and slide simulations. Our results showed that information search, the motivation to evacuate, and the motivation to buy flood insurance increased after exposure to the 3D flood simulation compared to the film and slide simulations. Mediation analyses revealed that some of these presentation mode effects were mediated by a greater sense of being present in the VE. Implications to use high‐end flood simulations in a VE to communicate real‐world flooding risks and coping responses to threatened residents will be discussed.     

Optimal timing of investments in advanced manufacturing systems under competition

Large initial investment in advanced manufacturing systems (AMS) makes it imperative to develop economic justification methods. Once the new system has been properly justified, a critical issue facing the firm is the optimal timing of the installation in an industry. In this paper we use a game-theoretic model by which the optimal timing of the investments in AMSs is analysed. The existence of timing equilibria is demonstrated and simple decision rules of optimal strategy are provided. Economic interpretations of the decision rules are subsequently made clear. Finally, illustrative examples are used to demonstrate the correctness and usefulness of the analysis.     

人口老龄化问题的对策及启示

西方国家人口老龄化问题出现较早,影响较为深远.解决人口老龄化问题的成功经验包括:解决老龄问题的根本出路在于发展经济;人口老龄化的理论基础和认识突破;老年知识分子的社会价值日益突出.要从理论和实践上确认老年人是家庭、社会和国家的资源,把鼓励老年人参与社会发展提高到事关老龄社会能否保持繁荣的高度.     

以用户体验为核心的产品设计研究

文章以苹果笔记本电脑（MacBook Pro）的产品设计为案例,分别从感官体验、情感体验和行为体验三个角度研究了以用户体验为核心的产品设计方法,阐述了以用户体验为核心在产品设计中的重要性以及对设计师的要求。     

论韩国新村运动及其对我国的几点启示

20世纪70年代韩国发起的新村运动成功地解决了农村经济落后、农民生活贫困的问题,实现了城乡协调发展以及农业现代化,为韩国整体经济的发展奠定了有力的基础,创造了“汉江奇迹”.2010年我国提出了把发展现代农业作为转变经济发展方式的重大任务,把建设社会主义新农村和推进城镇化作为保持经济平稳较快发展的持久动力的农业农村工作的总体要求.由于我国现阶段与当时的韩国情况较为接近,中韩两国的经济模式与文化传统相似,韩国新村运动在改善农村基础设施建设、提高村民生活伦理精神、增加村民收入、培训新村领导人方面的经验与教训,都值得我们思考和研究,可以为我国社会主义新农村建设给予颇多启示.     

中国共产党防范化解执政风险的历史经验

中国共产党领导中国人民在长期治国理政实践中,遇到过许多风险,也成功防控化解了许多风险,并取得了举世瞩目的成就,在政治、经济、文化和社会等方面积累了丰富的防范化解风险的宝贵经验,这些经验归纳总结为坚持中国特色社会主义发展道路,坚定以人民为中心的根本立场,坚持全面深化改革,坚持从严治党、弘扬中国精神的文化路径。这些建立在成功实践基础上的宝贵经验对于新时代党如何防控国内外各种风险,实现党的治国理政水平的跃升和巩固党的执政地位都具有关键的现实与理论指引作用。     

论建国初期党加强执政能力建设的历史经验

建国初期,党对如何提高执政能力进行了艰辛的探索,取得了举世瞩目的成就,积累了丰富的经验,这些经验是:加强学习,努力提高执政本领;重视研究党执政的政策、策略和方法,不断提高执政水平;从严治党,增强党拒腐防变的能力;加强制度建设,夯实党的执政基础;培养和造就革命事业按班人,保证党和国家永不变色;正确认识和科学判断形势,不断提升党总揽全局和应对复杂局面的能力。这些经验是我们党极其宝贵的财富。认真总结建国初期党加强执政能力建设的历史经验,大力加强党的执政理论建设,对于今天我们党加强执政能力建设的实践具有重要的现实意义。     

论礼貌在交际中的识解

礼貌是一个非常复杂的问题,它的识解需要语言内、外的知识。礼貌既要通过语言知识如语调,字、词和句来识解,又要借助人的常识和对语境中的认知能力。礼貌是即时即景的,说话人与受话人的个人经历、文化背景和合作对礼貌起了很大的作用。情景及其它非语言因素也起了不可忽视的作用,通过语言体现的礼貌因人因情景因文化而异。     

Discourse,affect and affliction

While much recent theorizing into affect has challenged the primacy of discourse in understanding social life, this paper is premised on the intertwining of affective experience with discursive meaning. Furthermore, appreciating the entwining of affect and discourse facilitates broader understanding into the illness experience, medical decision‐making and experiences of healing. Today, the biomedical discourse carries particular affective weight that can saturate experiences of affliction. Cultural understandings of disease similarly shape affect that may emerge in affliction. Social meaning, more specifically stereotypes pertaining to identities, interweave with emotion also in the context of medical practice. The doctor‐patient relationship is an affect‐laden encounter where the entwining of affect with social assumptions carries important, yet poorly understood, repercussions for treatment decisions and for the furthering of health inequalities. Both the elusiveness and the power of affect that unfolds in relation to discursive meaning rest on the way in which affect dwells in and resounds through the body.