组织创新研究的主要流派及发展趋势

组织创新研究主要有两大流派,即内容学派和过程学派。前者着眼于组织创新影响因素的研究,其缺陷在于研究方法的静态性;后者则研究创新过程的性质,但它仍不能准确地表达组织创新实施的过程。目前,资源、能力、核心能力(包括企业家能力)对组织创新的影响日益受到关注。组织创新研究未来的发展趋势应是理论研究与实证研究相结合,广泛吸取相关领域的研究成果,突出资源、能力和企业家对组织创新的影响。     

人民公社失败的制度经济学解理 ——一个分析框架及其应用

本文通过构建一个"产权结构-计量能力-环境特性-经济绩效"的制度分析框架,揭示了人民公社组织制度低效率的根源,并引入"柠檬市场"模型从监督成本的维度解析了败德行为造成人民公社失败的生成机理.     

A Corporate Culture Pattern to Manage Business Ethics

Within the general frame of proposals for an adequate management of business ethics, this paper is based on the vision of corporate culture as a pattern to achieve such purpose. If we consider ethics as a specific value of corporate culture, we may resort to the mechanism of cultural change and implementation in order to manage ethics. Despite the difficulties it entails in terms of time and money investment, this procedure is one of the safest ways to reach ethical values which are known, shared and then practiced by all the members of a corporation, whatever the category. From this central standpoint, and basing ourselves on our own proposal for the management of culture, we shall describe which specific steps must be taken in order to achieve a set of ethical values which are both realistic and furthermore shared by all collaborators of an organization. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Old Structures,New Relations: How Community Development Credit Unions Define Organizational Boundaries

Studies of organizational dynamics examine the manner in which an organization's immediate environment defines the rules and requirements to which individual organizations must conform in order to receive legitimacy and support (Scott, 1992:132). In this paper we consider the question of how an organization can achieve legitimacy and support without necessarily compromising its organizational forms or practices to isomorphic pressures. We frame the question in terms of the boundaries between organizations and their environments. Where the population ecology studies show the survival value of adopting known organizational forms and practices, and neoinstitutionalism addresses the need to display compliance with accepted forms, our case study demonstrates the possibility of removing an organization or set of organizations from the familiar interaction by naming it as a subfield of the organizational field, sharing the environment, but out of the way of predefined norms and practices.     

Challenges to the Acceptance of Probabilistic Risk Analysis

This paper discusses a number of the key challenges to the acceptance and application of probabilistic risk analysis (PRA). Those challenges include: (a) the extensive reliance on subjective judgment in PRA, requiring the development of guidance for the use of PRA in risk-informed regulation, and possibly the development of robust or reference prior distributions to minimize the reliance on judgment; and (b) the treatment of human performance in PRA, including not only human error per se but also management and organizational factors more broadly. All of these areas are seen as presenting interesting research challenges at the interface between engineering and other disciplines.     

A New Era in Governmental Reform: Realizing Community

The good government models of the 1990s realized a focus that included reinventing, reengineer-ing, rethinking, quality, empowerment, and devolution of the organization. These organizational reform ideologies sought to increase involvement, improve productivity, manage performance, and drive results. One essential key that has been disregarded in these government models is the involvement of community in the decision-making process. This paper points to the importance of involving and empowering citizens in the decision-making process, particularly in regard to community justice based on the notion of restorative justice system. Community justice, a modern day reform movement with international proportions, is based on the principles of empowering community, repairing harm caused by a crime or disturbance, and reducing risk to the community.     

基于元学习的企业核心能力形成机理

动态环境下,企业需要建立元学习系统才能不断开发核心能力。"信息转移与恢复"、"实验"、"动态惯例"、"环境审视"、"标杆瞄准"等五个学习子系统在企业核心能力形成中发挥着各自的作用,而由五个子系统整合而成的元学习系统,产生了企业的动态核心能力。     

农村幼儿教师工作压力对离职意向的作用机制分析

本研究采用压力知觉量表、组织承诺量表、心理资本量表、离职意向量表对328名农村幼儿教师进行测量,以探讨农村幼儿教师工作压力对离职意向的作用机制。结果发现,压力知觉与组织承诺、心理资本呈显著负相关,与离职意向呈显著正相关;组织承诺与心理资本呈显著正相关,与离职意向呈显著负相关;心理资本与离职意向呈显著负相关。组织承诺在压力知觉与离职意向之间发挥着完全中介作用,而这一中介效应受到心理资本的调节。即组织承诺的中介效应发生在心理资本水平较低的教师中,而在心理资本较高的教师中这一中介效应并不显著。最后,本研究从如何降低工作压力、提高组织承诺、开发心理资本三个方面分别提出了减少农村幼儿教师离职意向的具体建议。     

协作网络下的组织环境理论综述

本文主要对协作网络下的三种不同组织环境理论进行综述。这三种理论分别是种群生态理论、综合分析理论和资源依赖理论。群体生态学观点给予我们对整体环境的理解 ,而资源依赖理论则提供了企业如何在特定环境下竞争的线索。本文认为 ,不同理论提供不同的角度来看待事物 ,管理者因此能够参考众多的看法 ,从而对管理现象有较全面的认识。     

胜任力研究

胜任力是＂隐性特征＂和＂显性行为＂的集合,胜任力的研究成为国内外研究者的焦点,国内外关于胜任力的研究集中于胜任力的概念、胜任力的构成维度及胜任力在各个领域的应用。通过探讨国内外关于胜任力的研究,比较不同的研究方法,以期对未来开展本领域研究提供有益的参考。