当代社会招呼语分析

招呼语是人们生活中最常用的交际口语.在中国,招呼语的得体使用已成为个人修养和风度的标志,并能够使运用人维系正常的社交关系.本文着重分析了当代社会招呼语的类型和招呼语运用时的影响因素,并探讨了招呼语所显现的民族文化心理,以及它在日常交际中不可忽视的沟通功能.     

理论性和应用性:理论语法与教学语法的分野

理论语法与教学语法既有区别又有联系:前者具有前瞻性、创造性和探索性的传统,属理论型的;后者则具有规定性、稳定性和功效性的特质,属应用型的。对外汉语语法教学当属教学语法,其教学与研究理应遵循教学语法的一般原则,并应根据对外汉语教学的特点,加强针对性。     

兴国山歌简论

客家南迁,已历史悠久。在长期的社会实践和生产劳动中,客家人创造了独具特色的包括音乐在内的客家文化,而兴国山歌则是客家音乐文化中的一朵奇葩。长期以来,兴国山歌唱遍大江南北,然而,从理论和实践的结合上对兴国山歌进行深入研究尚且不足。其实,认真考察兴国山歌的起源,从表现形式、内容和使用功能的文化价值上深入探究兴国山歌的类型及其风格特点,对兴国山歌进一步兴盛和发展无疑具有重要意义。     

An affine‐invariant multivariate sign test for cluster correlated data

The author presents a multivariate location model for cluster correlated observations. He proposes an affine‐invariant multivariate sign statistic for testing the value of the location parameter. His statistic is an adaptation of that proposed by Randles (2000). The author shows, under very mild conditions, that his test statistic is asymptotically distributed as a chi‐squared random variable under the null hypothesis. In particular, the test can be used for skewed populations. In the context of a general multivariate normal model, the author obtains values of his test's Pitman asymptotic efficiency relative to another test based on the overall average. He shows that there is an improvement in the relative performance of the new test as soon as intra‐cluster correlation is present Even in the univariate case, the new test can be very competitive for Gaussian data. Furthermore, the statistic is easy to compute, even for large dimensional data. The author shows through simulations that his test performs well compared to the average‐based test. He illustrates its use with real data.     

关于中期财务报告中一体观与独立观运用的几点认识

本文阐述了独立观与一体观在编制中期财务报告中的有关理论基础,并在此基础上讨论了独立观与一体观在中期确认和计量中的比较及其在编制利润表中的差异。     

A partial score test for difference among heterogeneous populations

In event time data analysis, comparisons between distributions are made by the logrank test. When the data appear to contain crossing hazards phenomena, nonparametric weighted logrank statistics are usually suggested to accommodate different-weighted functions to increase the power. However, the gain in power by imposing different weights has its limits since differences before and after the crossing point may balance each other out. In contrast to the weighted logrank tests, we propose a score-type statistic based on the semiparametric-, heteroscedastic-hazards regression model of Hsieh [2001. On heteroscedastic hazards regression models: theory and application. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 63, 63–79.], by which the nonproportionality is explicitly modeled. Our score test is based on estimating functions derived from partial likelihood under the heteroscedastic model considered herein. Simulation results show the benefit of modeling the heteroscedasticity and power of the proposed test to two classes of weighted logrank tests (including Fleming–Harrington's test and Moreau's locally most powerful test), a Renyi-type test, and the Breslow's test for acceleration. We also demonstrate the application of this test by analyzing actual data in clinical trials.     

中国犯罪新闻报道的历史扫描和发展现状

犯罪新闻报道一向是媒体和受众普遍关注的新闻报道类别.它更因与社会稳定、个人生命和财产的安危、法制建设的密切关联而具有重要的社会意义.从春秋时期大臣谋反的罪行记录为发端,沿革历史的推延,中国犯罪新闻报道在报道范围和报道深度上不断地在拓展与加深,逐渐地呈现出自身独有的一些特点.在社会转型的今天,犯罪新闻报道的发展态势更趋迅猛,其形式上日益多样且完善,并呈现出了许多新时期的新特点.     

具有Virasoro型的无穷维对称代数的群不变模型

本文利用Virasoro型的对称代数的两种具体的实现获得了各种2 1维具有无穷维Kac-Moody-Virasoro型李代数的不变方程。一些熟知的高维可积模型例如KP方程也被给出。     

An empirical likelihood goodness-of-fit test for time series

Summary. Standard goodness-of-fit tests for a parametric regression model against a series of nonparametric alternatives are based on residuals arising from a fitted model. When a parametric regression model is compared with a nonparametric model, goodness-of-fit testing can be naturally approached by evaluating the likelihood of the parametric model within a nonparametric framework. We employ the empirical likelihood for an α -mixing process to formulate a test statistic that measures the goodness of fit of a parametric regression model. The technique is based on a comparison with kernel smoothing estimators. The empirical likelihood formulation of the test has two attractive features. One is its automatic consideration of the variation that is associated with the nonparametric fit due to empirical likelihood's ability to Studentize internally. The other is that the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is free of unknown parameters, avoiding plug-in estimation. We apply the test to a discretized diffusion model which has recently been considered in financial market analysis.     

A circular-cone test for testing homogeneity against a simple tree order

Several methods exist for the problem of testing the equality of several treatments against the one-sided alternative that the treatments are better than the control. These methods include Dunnett's test, Bartholomew's likelihood-ratio test, the Abelson-Tukey-Schaafsma-Smid optimal-contrast test, and the multiple-contrast test of Mukerjee, Robertson, and Wright. A new test is proposed based on an approximation of the likelihood-ratio test of Bartholomew. This test involves using a circular cone in place of the alternative-hypothesis cone. The circular-cone test has excellent power characteristics similar to those of Bartholomew's test. Moreover, it has the advantages of being simpler to compute and may be used with unequal sample sizes.