Leader-employee congruence of expected contributions in the employee-organization relationship

Employees' expected contributions can be incongruent with those of their leader. We examine the congruence effect of leaders' and employees' expected contributions on job satisfaction. Results of cross-level polynomial regressions on 947 employees and 224 leaders support the congruence effect. When expected contributions are congruent, employees are more satisfied with their job. Our findings suggest that employees enjoy high challenges, as long as these challenges are in harmony with the expected contributions of their leaders. Employees are less satisfied with their jobs both when their expected contributions were higher than their leaders' and when their expected contributions were lower than those of their leaders. Beyond the relevance of having high expected contributions, the findings highlight the crucial role played by the congruence of expected contributions of leaders and employees.     

关系型贷款、市场结构与小额贷款公司使命漂移

我国小额贷款公司发展极为迅速,但小微企业融资难问题依然严峻,小额贷款公司存在着显著的使命漂移.对于微型金融机构的使命漂移问题,大量的研究主要以财务可持续性为视角.本文结合关系型贷款理论和市场结构理论并构建理论模型,以一个新的视角分析我国小额贷款公司的使命漂移问题,证明了开展关系型贷款和提升小额贷款市场的竞争程度均有利于小额贷款公司发放更多的小额贷款,增加小微企业等融资主体的信贷可得性,从而避免使命漂移.进一步的,通过对一个代表性城市小额贷款公司的相关数据分析,认为小额贷款公司使命漂移的内在原因是关系型贷款技术运用不足和小额贷款市场竞争程度较低.     

‘What Was I Thinking?!’ Rhetorical Questions as a Technique to Identify and Explore Impasses in Therapy

Rhetorical questions emerging spontaneously in consultations can be used as a tool for developing self‐reflexivity and exploring the therapeutic alliance in the process of therapy with couples and families. This paper presents a technique based on the enunciation of rhetorical questions, which can point to an impasse in the process of therapy and contain a key to its resolution. The technique focuses on the distinctive feature of rhetorical questions as convening a paradoxical injunction: a question not intended as a question, while uttered as such. The technique in four steps is illustrated by examples from therapy, supervision, consultation, and self‐supervision. Its focus is the interlink between the therapeutic relationship and the process of therapy and it is informed by a second‐order cybernetics approach, dialogical practice, and the systemic literature on emotion. The technique can help develop curiosity in working with families, lead to unforeseen developments, and touch on prejudices not made explicit in previous therapeutic encounters. Whether we are acting as supervisors, therapists, or clients, the creation of a ‘secure enough’ context for rhetorical questions becomes critical to allow freeform exploration.     

Parent/carer views on personal health budgets for disabled children who use rehabilitation therapy services

Personalised budgets are promoted as the person-centred alternative to generically provided services. Nine parents/carers of disabled children (aged 18 years or younger) who accessed at least two rehabilitation therapy services (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech and language therapy) were recruited from one region in England. Focus group/interviews explored their views on the proposed introduction of personalised budgets. Parents and carers viewed a personal health budget with caution and perceived benefits were tempered by their experiences of current provision. Concerns were raised about entitlement and how a personal budget would work in practice.     

加强礼仪教育，促进大学生人际关系和谐

礼仪教育,有利于提高大学生容纳意识、尊重意识、悦纳他人的能力。目前,大学生礼仪教育、规范的缺失．在一定程度上影响了大学生人际交往和谐,因此,高校要通过教育引导、行为规范、文化渗透等渠道加强大学生礼仪教育,培养具有良好心态、得体风度、高雅气质的高素质人才,为和谐社会建设做出贡献。     

团体咨询有助于大学生人际关系的改善

人际关系在人的发展过程中,具有不可替代的作用。大学生在人际关系方面存在的问题不仅影响着他们的身心健康,更是将来生存和发展的障碍。团体咨询在帮助大学生处理人际矛盾、促进心理健康、提高人际交往的能力方面起着重要的作用。     

论学校在学生伤害事故中的责任

近年来,学生伤害事故及其引发的法律纠纷越来越多,日益成为困扰学校工作的严重问题。文章在对学校与学生之间法律关系进行论述的基础上,结合相关法律规定,提出学校责任是一种过错责任及学校过错的判断标准,并分析了不同情况下学校承担责任的方式。     

论和谐视域下的医患关系建设

在我国建设社会主义和谐社会的进程中,共建和谐医患关系的重要性日益凸显出来。和谐的医患关系建设必须在客观分析当前医患关系存在的问题的基础上,科学判断影响医患关系和谐的相关因素,把加大对医疗卫生事业的改革与发展力度、营造和谐互信的医患文化氛围、依法依规处理医患关系等方面作为着力点,方能取得良好效果。     

构建和谐校园的重要“章节”刍议——和谐师生关系的构建

构建和谐校园是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要组成部分,而和谐师生关系的构建则是和谐校园构建的重要"章节",本文从理论和实践出发,阐述了构建和谐师生关系的三个关键环节.     

近30年来唐代吐蕃与西北民族关系史研究评述

本文结合吐蕃经略西北的历史进程与西北的地理特征,分青藏高原、新疆地区、河西走廊三大区域,评述近30年来国内学术界对唐代吐蕃与西北民族关系的研究概况、观点,并提出对今后研究的展望。