Predatory purchasing practices in global apparel supply chains and the employment relations squeeze in the Indian garment export industry

While the literature has long acknowledged worker rights abuses in global apparel supply chains, less attention has been paid to the recent worsening of certain decent work deficits and its causes, which this article links to predatory purchasing practices arising from growing power asymmetries. These practices, illustrated here by the garment export industry in India, exert downward pressure on wages and incite non‐standard forms of employment and greater verbal and physical abuse as productivity demands rise. They can be addressed through pricing mechanisms that cover the cost of decent work, appropriate State regulation and worker involvement.     

Albinism,spiritual and cultural practices,and implications for health,healthcare, and human rights: a scoping review

Persons with albinism – a disability found worldwide – are particularly at risk for human rights violations in Africa. The purpose of this scoping review was to establish the current state of knowledge on albinism, spiritual and cultural practices, and implications for health and health services. Electronic searches of nine databases were conducted. After screening, 40 articles were reviewed. Four themes emerged: health implications of albinism; health-related cultural and spiritual meanings attached to albinism; health-related experiences of persons with albinism; and human rights and albinism. The findings reveal that African ontologies, including witchcraft beliefs and practices, are implicated by their construction of the person with albinism as an ontologically different entity, although few studies explicated this relationship. How broader social structures influence persons with albinism disproportionately, resulting in health and social inequities, is another under-researched area. This scoping review lays the groundwork for intersectoral, interdisciplinary research.     

Parental Alienation: A Measurement Tool

The Rowlands Parental Alienation Scale (RPAS) was administered to 592 parents along with measures of convergent and discriminant validity. The scale was designed to capture the eight domains of parental alienating behavior posited in the literature. Factor analysis extracted only six factors, one of which was not included in the original eight: (a) campaign of denigration towards the alienated parent, (b) the independent thinker phenomenon, (c) reflexive support, (d) presence of borrowed scenarios, (e) spread of animosity to extended family, and (f) lack of positive affect towards the alienated parent. Parents who reported either that a court evaluation or court findings had confirmed the presence of parental alienation scored significantly higher on all six RPAS factors as well as on the overall RPAS score.     

Bioecological Implications of Narrative Exposure Therapy in Low‐Resource Settings: Individual,Family, Community,and Socio‐Political Contexts

Traumatic stress can have detrimental effects on individuals, families, and communities. Narrative exposure therapy (NET) is an evidence‐based intervention for decreasing individuals’ post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and has been tested in some of the most challenging contexts, such as in post‐conflict refugee camps. Although the focus of NET is on reducing individual PTSD symptoms, the impact of NET can be seen beyond the individual level. The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the ecological implications of using NET with trauma‐affected populations in low‐resource settings. We describe the implications of NET at the family, community, and sociopolitical levels using several case examples. Finally, we outline limitations and future directions for improving the delivery of NET in settings with limited resources.     

Parents’ perspectives of social support and social cohesion in urban contexts of diversity

Although provisions for young children are increasingly considered as ideal places to foster an inclusive and socially just society by embracing issues of social support and social cohesion, there is no in-depth understanding of the role these provisions can play in enabling supportive and cohesive encounters in contexts of diversity. Even more striking is the absence of parents’ voices in this discussion. Based on an analysis of qualitative interviews with 18 parents who use childcare services in urban contexts of diversity, our findings show the relevance of ephemeral contacts with diverse people that could offer bridging opportunities in terms of social connectedness to familiarise within diversity while decoding the other in urban contexts of diversity. However, neither bonding nor bridging contacts appear as self-evident. Our research shows that the role of childcare services might be vital in creating light and temporal communities as the prerequisite for social cohesion to flourish, in both individual as well as collective dimensions.     

论Trips协议下我国报刊社之版权及有关权

报刊社作为重要的传播者,在传播作品的过程中,所享有的权利主要分为著作权与邻接权。根据Trips协议的有关规定,我国近几年来对版权法律制度进行了一系列的修改。本文对报刊社在现行版权法中的权利做了详细的分析,并指出报刊社的转载权与Trips协议的精神不符及相应的立法建议。     

若干国家和地区对知识产权滥用的反垄断控制

为防止知识产权的滥用,一些国家和地区采取了包括反垄断法在内的控制措施。其中,美国司法部和联邦贸易委员会于1995年联合发布的《知识产权许可的反托拉斯指南》、欧共体委员会于1996年颁布的《技术转让规章》、日本公正交易委员会1999年重新颁布的《专利和技术秘密许可协议中的反垄断法指导方针》等颇具代表性,反映了国际上的最新发展趋势。对知识产权滥用的反垄断控制是反垄断法的一项重要任务,是我国面临的一个重要问题,我国有必要借鉴有关经验建立对知识产权滥用的反垄断控制法律制度。     

中国社会养老的文化分析

本文关注福利文化对社会养老制度和实践的影响,从文化视角审视中国现代社会养老项目的发展,揭示了老年社会福利模式与特定社会政策制定者对社会福利概念的理解和传统福利文化之间的关系。限定主义的价值观和公民权利意识的缺失阻碍着中国老年社会福利模式从剩余性到制度性的转变,抑制了社会福利在缩小老年群体内阶层差异方面的作用,促使了福利资源分配的不公。尽管人口老龄化和福利国家的文化扩散正在促使中国老年社会福利呈多元化发展趋势,多元福利体系的最终建立还有赖于社会公众和政策制定者对个人和国家关系的重新解读。     

康德法哲学视野下的公民权利

康德以先验哲学的方式对传统自然法进行批判性的改造,提出公民权利的合理性与普遍有效性问题。文章旨在考察康德的公民权利思想,在先验法哲学的视域下,通过分析公民权利问题的提出、演进来尝试对公民权利做整体性的理解,进而反思公民权利的基础在于纯粹理性的实践性所确立的理性的法则与人性的法则。     

财政体制六十年新起点:"省直管县"改革

建国六十年来财政体制经历了"省管县"、"市管县"等几种管理体制。各种管理体制只有与当时的经济发展水平相适应,才能促进行政效率的提高。在建国六十周年之际,在全国范围内全面推开的财政体制改革,将恢复到改革初期的"省管县"。这是一种历史的简单轮回,还是与时俱进的变革?深刻认识这一轮财政体制改革,稳步推进,具有重要的意义。