涡流室式柴油机连接通道流量系数的研究

本文建立了计算涡流式柴油机连接通道流量系数的热力学计算模型和二维数值计算模型.首次精确地计算出连接通道流量系数随曲轴转角的瞬时变化规律.研究和分析了通道结构参数和发动机运转因索对流量系数的影响,所建立的计算模型及其计算结果,对于改善和提高涡流室式柴油机性能,进一步提高其工作过程的计算精度具有重要意义。     

Some Remarks on Failure-times,Surrogate Markers,Degradation, Wear,and the Quality of Life

Suppose that data are available on failure-times and on a time-evolving process on each individual, called in some contexts wear or degradation. Four rather different types of relation between such a process and failure are described and brief comments on appropriate analysis sketched.     

Longitudinal data analysis of mean passage time among malnutrition states: an application of Markov chains

Clinical prognosis of patients can be best described from a longitudinal study and a Markov regression model is an appropriate way of analyzing the prognosis of disease when the outcomes are serially dependent. Mean first passage time (MFPT) is a method to estimate the average number of transitions between the states of a Markov chain. The present study used the secondary data from a longitudinal study which was done during 1982–1986. This study was to illustrate the MFPT among the states of malnutrition, which were classified as Normal, Mild/Moderate and Severe among children aged 5–7 years, in South India. The 95% confidence interval (CI) for the MFPT was calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. Markov regression models were used to test for the association of state transitions across the risk factors. The average time taken for an underweight child to transit from Severe state of malnutrition to become Normal was nearly 2.73 (95% CI 2.60–2.86) years and 3.41 (95% CI 3.25–3.58) years in Rural area and 2.31(95% CI 2.20–2.42) in Urban area. The significant difference between the MFPT for some risk factors are useful to plan interventions. It will especially be useful to find the impact of duration among school-going children on their cognitive disorders.     

英语专业学生短文听写现状分析及对策建议

短文听写作为一种重要的教学手段和测试项目,能够很好地评估受试者实际的语言综合运用能力。然而从抽样统计来看,一些英语专业学生听写平均分不合格,其原因复杂,故须切实采取多种措施提高英语听写能力。     

Promoting Health and Wellness in African American Males through Rites of Passage Training

The current work presents exploratory research findings related to the effectiveness of Let the Circle Be Unbroken, an African-centered “rites of passage” training program, to promote health and well-being in a sample of high-risk, African American males. An abbreviated version of the ADPRC-TADPOLE questionnaire was administered to 39 African American boys, between the ages of 8 and 16 years, who were participating in a community-based “rites of passage” training program. Findings suggest that the Let the Circle Be Unbroken training program is a viable program for improving self-esteem among young African American males. The implications of this research are relevant to the reduction of some health disparities observed among underrepresented populations, especially African American males.     

文化人类学视野中的旅游

从文化人类学的角度来看 ,旅游是一种“过渡仪式” ,人们借此完成某些重大的人生或心灵的转变。旅游还是一种跨文化交流 ,但其结果是益、“害”并存。至少 ,旅游能加深旅游者对自身文化的认识。     

On the functional central limit theorem for first passage time of nonlinear semi-Markov reward processes

Abstract

In this article we examine the functional central limit theorem for the first passage time of reward processes defined over a finite state space semi-Markov process. In order to apply this process for a wider range of real-world applications, the reward functions, considered in this work, are assumed to have general forms instead of the constant rates reported in the other studies. We benefit from the martingale theory and Poisson equations to prove and establish the convergence of the first passage time of reward processes to a zero mean Brownian motion. Necessary conditions to derive the results presented in this article are the existence of variances for sojourn times in each state and second order integrability of reward functions with respect to the distribution of sojourn times. We finally verify the presented methodology through a numerical illustration.     

当下中国大陆亲子题材都市生活剧形态浅析

亲子题材的都市生活剧在当下中国大陆电视荧屏上的一路走红并呈现出类型化的创作特点。通过比较发现,该类电视剧的情节围绕几个典型的矛盾展开,叙事结构主要包括"开头""怀孕""离职生子""复职""结局"五个部分。其中,最突出的怀孕、生子环节象征着未达到"社会成熟"的主人公结束延长的青春期,接受最后的成人洗礼。     

范·热内普“过渡仪式”理论述评

范·热内普的"过渡仪式"理论是人类学、民俗学仪式研究的一种经典走向,他将仪式看成是一个过渡的动态进程,内含着前后相继的三个阶段:分隔-边缘-聚合。这一研究取向直接影响了埃德蒙·利奇、玛丽·道格拉斯、维克多·特纳等后来学者,他们在仪式理论体系的建构上都是对"过渡仪式"理论的继承和发展。在神圣与世俗间,范氏用"过渡性"来表达仪式不断前进的状态,使得仪式参与者的社会状态、社会身份以及生命任务的转变在这一进程中逐步"合法化",更好地整合了人的生命过程与"社会化"过程。然而,建立在时间和空间基础之上的过渡仪式理论体系仍需要从"多向度、多层次、多维度的过渡或通过与多层级的‘分割机制’"来进行解读,才能具有穷尽的解释力。     

论概念段作为科技英语的翻译单位

概念段是阐述一个完整思想概念的语段,概念段分为简单概念段与复杂概念段。语义、英汉语言各自特点、修辞功能及修辞技巧决定着概念段应该作为科技英语的翻译单位。译好概念段必须抓住概念段的主题,理顺其内在的逻辑关系。以概念段为科技英语的翻译单位能使译文从整体意义上与原文等效。