论免费软件经营者的法定和契约义务及其法律规制

随着互联网开放共享精神的发展、计算机软件开发技术的改进,以及软件经营商业模式的改变,免费软件越来越多地呈献给广大互联网用户,随之也带来了更多的知识产权纠纷,侵犯个人隐私以及不正当竞争行为时有发生.软件免费经营如何实现盈利,根据权利义务对等原则,软件免费是否意味着软件经营者就无需承担义务？文章主要阐述了免费软件概念、内涵、盈利途径及法律性质,并通过对免费软件经营者的法定义务、契约义务的分析论证,提出有效的法律规制建议.     

习近平建设海洋强国重要论述研究

习近平建设海洋强国重要论述经历了率先发出“向海进军”号召、明确提出海洋经济强省建设、庄严宣告海洋强国建设三个阶段。习近平建设海洋强国重要论述主要包括发展海洋经济、保护海洋环境、创新海洋科技、维护海洋权益等。习近平建设海洋强国重要论述具有三个鲜明的特点：在海洋强国建设“目的性”上做到了为国富强与为民谋利的统筹;在海洋强国建设“方法论”上做到了矛盾论和系统论等方法的统筹运用;在海洋强国建设“治理观”上实现了国际治理与国家治理的统筹。习近平建设海洋强国重要论述具有重要的区域意义——指导有关沿海省份创建海洋强省示范区、国家意义——强力推进海洋强国建设并取得了重大突破、世界意义——为全球海洋治理提供“中国方案”和“中国经验”。     

国家义务构造论的功能主义建构

国家义务是保障公民权利不可或缺的工具。确定国家义务内容主要诉诸基本权利功能、人权保障和规范主义3种路径。但以上路径过于强调国家义务内容的组成,从而带来理论层级设计混乱、语词选择不一、内部逻辑不明、理论功能不完善、整体性建构缺失等弊端。欲解决以上诸问题,层级化、递进式的国家义务构造理论为可行方案。其中,自由权向社会权的转向决定其实质内容,需求层次理论形塑内部层级结构,而融贯体系化和系统构造论则提供外部理论支持。功能主义系统论和内容理论的积淀最终建构了以尊重、保护和给付为基本要素的“二元三层次多位阶”的国家义务构造论。     

‘Youth is Present Only When Its Presence is a Problem’: Voices of Young People on Discipline in School

Discipline in schools is a topic of enduring public interest and concern. This article reviews findings from three recent research studies, which gathered views of young people on this issue in mainstream, alternative and special school settings. It reveals the confusion and frustration of students seeking to contribute to the debate, often on aspects that affect them directly and significantly. Their reflections are contextualised within a discussion of different conceptualisations of discipline, and from there, it is argued that, by strengthening the voice, power and presence of young people in dialogue on this key issue, the debate itself will be more relevant and well‐focused.     

The Human Right to Leisure in Old Age: Reinforcement of the Rights of an Aging Population

The right to leisure is recognized as a human right under the 1948 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The actual meaning and material content of this human right is subject to debate. The aim of this study is to examine the extent and the context to which this human right is specifically recognized with regard to older persons. Methodologically, this study textually analyzed 17 different international older persons’ human rights documents. The findings reveal that in the majority of these documents there is no reference to the right to leisure. In the remaining documents, the right to leisure is mostly referred to indirectly or in a narrow legal construction. These findings support the notion that despite the growing body of knowledge regarding the importance of meaningful leisure in old age—and its empowering and anti-ageist nature—this knowledge has not transformed into a legal human rights discourse.     

Global liberalization on homosexuality: Explaining the African gap

We are trapped in two divergent worlds when it comes to global views on homosexuality. There is the liberal world epitomized by Spain and other nations, where homosexuality is increasingly accepted; gays and lesbians are claiming their human rights; and laws are changing to codify that transformation. The second is the extremely anti-gay world symbolized by Africa, the Middle East and parts of Asia, where attitudes are favorable to criminalization. This research explains the “African Gap” in attitudes toward homosexuality in a comparative analysis of six African nations and Argentina and Canada, South and North America's most liberal nations on gay rights. Using Pew's 2015 Spring Global Attitudes Survey data, we find that the major variables have essentially similar effects on opinion in any context. Africa's distinction is explained by its comparatively higher levels of factors such as religion, morality dogma, and low socioeconomic status that generally retard support for homosexuality, at the same time of lower levels of factors such as education, urbanization, and personal liberty that increase gay support. Africa's extreme anti-gay outlook is mutable. Two social forces will facilitate this softening: expansion of liberalizing agents such as education and urbanization, and repositioning away from “traditionalism” toward modernism emphasizing individualism, civil rights, and personal liberties.     

Mitigating Harm: Considering Harm Reduction Principles in Work with Sexually Exploited Young People

A growing awareness of child sexual exploitation (CSE) in the United Kingdom and throughout the world has prompted human service and legal/policy professionals to seek ways of engaging young people experiencing sexual exploitation, although much remains unknown regarding effective practice, and whether or not current knowledge regarding best practices with young people can be expanded to address CSE. This paper considers how principles of harm reduction, a public health approach widely used to engage adults and young people in help‐seeking behaviours, can be considered as part of a children's rights‐centred approach to policy and practice with young people experiencing CSE.     

论我国社会教育中的儿童参与权法律保障

在对儿童开展社会教育时，确保儿童的参与是极为重要的，但现实中儿童的参与严重不足，亟需法律保障。现行相关法律虽对于社会教育中的儿童参与权保障已经作了规定，但是这些规定存在诸多不足，难以有效保障社会教育中的儿童参与权，与《儿童权利公约》的要求不相适应。因此，我们应该尽快更新社会教育中的儿童参与权法律保障的理念，完善相关法律，促进相关法律的系统化，强化相关法律规范的可操作性，特别是要加强社会教育中的农村儿童参与权法律保障。     

Dynamic preference revelation and expression of personal frames: how Weibo is used in an anti-nuclear protest in China

This study explores the use of Weibo in a protest against a nuclear fuel processing plant in China. This study argues that social media play an important role in the development of protests in non-democratic societies through the mechanism of preference revelation, which blurs the boundary between offline protests and the individualized expression of preferences on social media. Of Weibo tweets which were posted prior to the occurrence of the offline protest, 11,788 protest-related were examined with the aid of a supervised machine learning technique. The results showed that the revelation of personal preferences in the form of individualized expressions of opposition were more common than mobilization and coordination, and such preferences were legitimized by the personal frames of risk and the distrust in government. The use of Weibo to mobilize potential opponents to the project, primarily by calling for the expression of opposition, was less frequent than the use of Weibo to express personal frames. Furthermore, the prevalence of Weibo usage changed dramatically. In the first few days of the protest, the revelation of personal preferences and personal frames of risk were prominent, whereas personal frames of distrust in government were common in the days leading to the street protest.     

论夜间搜查——从两则案例谈起

由于我国《刑事诉讼法》对搜查的时间未作规定,导致司法实践中夜间搜查频繁出现。夜间搜查很容易侵犯被搜查人和与其同住的人的隐私权和生活安宁权,给其造成伤害,司法实践中也确实发生了因夜间搜查而把人吓病的案例。因此,我国在再次修改《刑事诉讼法》时应规定禁止夜间搜查。当然,在保护公民隐私权和生活安宁权的同时,也要兼顾打击犯罪的需要,法律可以设置一些禁止夜间搜查的例外。