国际贸易背景下专利权用尽原则探究——兼论平行进口问题

权利用尽原则是立法者在平衡知识产权人专有权和社会公众利益的基础上提出的。作为对权利人行使专有权的有效限制,该原则首先由美国司法机关提出,随后得到许多大陆法系国家的援引。尽管世界各国在其实践中普遍采用了专利权用尽原则,但不同国家对专利权用尽原则的法律基础有不同的理解,产生种种不同的理论,导致对类似案件的处理出现不一致的结论。由于专利权用尽原则以及与此相关的平行进口问题对世界各国利益有重要影响,借鉴各国经验对我国国际贸易中产品的进出口以及我国专利法相关条文的完善具有重要意义。     

和谐语境下农村小产权房规制问题研究 —以民生利益为探究视角

在农村小产权房热销的同时,建设部作出了关于购买新建商品房的风险提示,国务院常务会议上也明确叫停小产权房的销售,农村小产权房争议再度升温,对于农村小产权房的合法化问题说法不一.文章基于风险与利益的博弈对农村小产权房的内质予以厘定,从利益驱动角度探究农村小产权房的成因,并通过农村小产权房的弊病分析得出其存在的风险,进而以民生利益为探究视角对农村小产权房的合法化进行检讨,最终在和谐语境下,从防治结合的探索进路提出分类规制的解决思路.     

A Measure of Justice: The Rabinal Human Rights Movement in Post-War Guatemala

This article explores one region’s struggle for human rights and legal justice in post-war Guatemala. Rabinal—a target of state-directed genocide in the 1980s—suffered one of the highest fatality levels of the war. In the post-war era, Rabinal human rights activists have led the struggle to demand exhumations of mass graves, build memorials, and push for criminal investigations and trials. Despite some important local victories, few of those responsible for the violence have received punishment. But that does not mean this movement is a failure. Instead, this article highlights the cultural, expressive and inprocess benefits of mobilization. Rabinal activists have restored their sense of agency and confirmed their collective identity as fighters for legal justice. Meanwhile, this local mobilization has contributed to Guatemala’s uneven process of democratization.

农村集体资产产权制度改革——以云南大理市8个试点村为例

运用访谈的方法,通过对云南省大理市8个农村集体资产股份权能改革试点村进行实地调查研究,重点回答了集体资产产权制度改革“如何改”以及“改革后如何实现集体经济的可持续发展”问题。研究发现,大理市实施各项改革任务中坚持原则性与灵活性相结合,具体改革经验为：坚持不打破原组织界限的原则,在组、自然村、村三级各自建立股份经济合作社;清产核资采用原值评估方法;成员资格界定坚持承认历史,照顾现实的原则;股权设置特别是贡献股的设置因村制宜,并非整齐划一;股权管理模式选择不一,静态管理更有利于赋予完整的产权权能;在集体经济组织的管理体制上,条件成熟的地方优先探索政社分离。改革后,新型集体经济组织根据不同的资产类型采用不同的经营方法发展集体经济。集体经济收益有所提高,但若没有发展产业,集体经济增长的空间不大,还需进一步探索集体经济可持续发展的路子。     

基于创新过程的现代生物技术企业知识产权策略研究

从技术创新的基本过程出发,分析了现代生物技术企业在不同创新阶段知识产权所具有的特点,建立了现代生物技术知识产权策略与创新过程相结合的模型,探讨了现代生物技术企业在技术创新的不同阶段所应采取的知识产权策略,以期对现代生物技术企业的知识产权保护实践有所贡献。     

Who am I when I don't know who I am? The problem of personal identity in infants and elderly with cognitive disabilities

This article addresses the problem of whether we can speak of personal identity in cases of infants or elderly with cognitive disabilities as hydrocephaly or dementia, lives that could be considered borderline in terms of personal identity because they lack certain characteristics normally considered indispensable for personal life. Taking as a reference recent discussions on personal identity, particularly the narrative theories of Hilde Lindemann, Françoise Baylis and Marya Schechtman, the article analyses in what sense, under what assumptions, and in what way such a thing could be defended. Finally, some problems and objections to these approaches are considered.     

Incidence, Depth and Severity of Children in Poverty

Recently, the first ever estimate of the number of children living poverty in developing countries was undertaken. The incidence of child poverty was estimated by establishing how many children suffer severe deprivation in at least one out of seven indicators which are internationally recognized as their rights as well as constitutive of poverty. This is a major step forward in the analysis of poverty. In this paper, we generalize these findings on the incidence of children living in poverty by exploring how to estimate the depth and severity of child poverty. Two countries can have the same proportion of children living in poverty, however, the actual plight of children could be very different depending on how many deprivations, on average, children suffer. In addition, even if they suffer from the same average number of deprivations, these deprivation could be the same for all children or be very unevenly distributed. We show how these considerations can be used to estimate the depth and severity of poverty. We use regional data to provide applied examples of this methodology. The method proposed in this paper is similar to the one used to estimate the incidence, depth and severity of income poverty. The paper also offers some possible generalizations and ways forward for future research.     

Religion,Contact, and Ambivalent Attitudes Toward the Rights of Gays and Lesbians in Barbados

ABSTRACT

Over 70 countries in the world currently carry anti-gay laws, among which is Barbados, a small English-speaking Caribbean island. This study evaluates whether heterosexuals in Barbados are consistent or ambivalent in their attitudes toward anti-gay law reform and the extent to which competing messages from interpersonal contact and religion affect ambivalence. The analysis revealed that a majority of heterosexuals hold ambivalent attitudes about gay and lesbian rights. Moreover, results from a multinomial logistic regression imply that Barbadians whose views on sexuality were theologically based were less likely to support restrictions on same-sex intimacy when they have a close relationship with a gay man or lesbian. However, this decline in support for the laws brought about by meaningful contact did not translate to support for gay and lesbian rights among the religiously inclined. Rather, it manifested itself as a state of attitudinal ambivalence.     

Between Legal Recognition and Moral Policing: Mapping the Queer Subject in India

ABSTRACT

With the decriminalization of homosexuality in India in 2009, Indian queer subjects have become visible in various ways. Where Indian queer identities have asserted their public presence through Pride marches and protests, incidents of moral policing and surveillance, especially after decriminalization, have highlighted the broader social and religious attitudes that continue to pathologize homosexuality with grave outcomes. This article argues that debates around access to health care of Indian queer subjects must be framed against the social and religious pathologization of homosexuality in various contexts, which remains a primary bioethical dilemma, particularly in relation to legal change.     

老年人人格特征对心理健康的影响研究

老年人人格特征是影响老年人心理健康的一个重要因素。为了探讨人格特征对老年人心理健康的影响,采用艾森克人格问卷和心理健康症状自评量表,对武汉市60岁以上随机抽取的442位老年人进行研究。研究结果表明:随着年龄的增加,老年人人格特征更趋于内向,性情更趋于平和;情绪稳定性的老年人心理健康水平要显著好于情绪不稳定性的老年人;在老年人心理健康的变差中,能被性别、年龄和情绪稳定性共同解释的比例为27.1%。