民主党派在高校发挥参政党职能的意义和特点

高校各民主党派基层组织及其成员发挥参政党职能 ,参与学校的民主管理和民主监督 ,对于贯彻中国共产党同民主党派合作的“十六字方针”、保证学校的科学决策、反映民情民意、防止和克服腐败现象都具有积极意义 ;但是 ,这同各级人大代表和政协委员参政议政相比较 ,在职责、权力、范围、手段、载体等方面又具有不同的特点     

Population Policy in Early Victorian England

This paper argues that the generally-held belief that there was no population policy in Great Britain during its fertility transition is incorrect. There were, in fact, clear and implicit and explicit policies in place by the early 19th Century which aimed at reducing population growth. These were negative, involving elimination of family allowances (the famous Poor Laws), and also positive, through subsidised emigration and ``transportation' of felons to the colonies. Moreover, a changed ``ideation' on the part of the nation's political, intellectual and spiritual leaders, changed norms about marriage and child-bearing, raising sharply the perceived economic and psychic cost of children. Lacking acceptable means to control pregnancies, many working class women resorted to abortion, infanticide and child abandonment to reduce their family size. The policy's actual impact on overall fertility is uncertain but it did constitute a deliberate attempt by society to affect demographic behaviour and outcomes.     

国外思想政治教育的特色及其启示

国外思想政治教育具有关注度强,坚持“以人为本”的理念,内容的实践性、时代性和丰富多样性表现突出,方式方法上在强调无意识教育的同时,注意无意识教育与有意识教育的结合等。     

The State, Institutional Transition and the Creation of New Urban Poverty in China

Since the 1990s, the introduction of a market economy and the process of rapid urbanization have been accompanied by a new urban poverty related to lay‐offs and unemployment as well as by large‐scale rural–urban migration, which is different from the traditional urban poverty of the ‘Three Nos’ (no relatives or dependants, no working capacity and no source of income). This article focuses on new urban poverty in China under market transition and discusses the causes of poverty creation. Instead of considering Chinese new urban poverty only as a result of market mechanisms, it argues that the state as the manipulator of institutions and policies does matter in the creation of new urban poverty, and that the cleavages between the old and new institutions further intensify it. Specifically, the following aspects of the creation of new urban poverty are examined in detail: the adjustment of industrial policy, the reform of state‐owned enterprises, evolution of the household registration system, and the transformation of the welfare state.     

Intermarriages Between Western Women and Palestinian Men: Multidirectional Adaptation Processes

This article addresses cultural adaptation of Western‐Palestinian intermarried couples. Using in‐depth interviews, information was gathered from 16 participants, 7 Western women and 9 Palestinian men, living in Palestinian cities in the West Bank. Adaptation strategies are typified by the extent to which each spouse embraces the partner's culture. The data suggest that intermarriage engenders a multidirectional adaptation process. Patriarchy and East‐West power relations affect mainly the women, having to face marginalization on the basis of their gender and their foreignness. The men undergo a double process of cultural adaptation: to the Western culture and to their native culture after their return. Both the husbands’ extended family and the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict were found to affect both partners’ adaptation.     

理性思考公权力与私权利的关系

人类社会的历史就是公权力与私权利资源在不同阶层按不同方位排列组合的历史,与此同时,不同时期的思想家基于自己的立场对公权力与私权利的关系进行了有益的理论探索。目前我国的权利(力)状况是公权力强、私权利弱,公权力经常侵犯私权利,因此我国应当明确划分公权力与私权利的界限,确立私权优位主义的指导思想,运用法律手段协调公权力与私权利的关系,并发挥社会组织在公权力与私权利冲突中的润滑剂作用,从而适应市场经济的发展和构建和谐社会的要求。     

社会保障转制成本的理论与对策分析

在社会保障制度转换过程中,所有国家都会面临制度转换成本的负担问题。中国要顺利实现社会保障制度由现收现付制向部分积累制转变,政府必须承担新旧制度衔接过程中的全部转制成本。中国可借鉴智利“认可债券”发行经验,以解决目前社会保障资金运行中凸显的个人账户空账运行问题。中国也可借鉴美国“确定受益制”和“确定供款制”两种企业年金计划的成功推行经验,扩大企业补充保险支出,缩小国家基本保险支出,最终减轻政府财政负担,推动国家经济稳定增长。     

罗蒂:自由主义和社群主义——罗蒂政治哲学批判之一

20世纪80年代以来,关于政治哲学的讨论成为西方哲学的焦点.在这场影响深远的政治哲学讨论中,主要争议发生于自由主义与社群主义之间.罗蒂的政治哲学包含着两种成分,一种是后现代主义,一种是自由主义.罗蒂政治哲学中的两种成分之间存在着内在张力,而这种张力使他与自由主义和社群主义的关系都变得复杂.     

古代中国与希腊政治思想发生时期的文化背景与前思想资源

中国传统政治思想与希腊思想是在近乎相同的历史时刻发生的,思想发生时期的文化背景与前思想资源,决定了这两种思想传统各自的发展路向。古代中国与希腊各不相同的数理科学背景决定了思想家的思想方式和思维水平,中国古代数学没有完成逻辑化的过程,相应地导致了中国传统政治思想哲理化过程的滞后。不同的神话、史诗传统也在根本上影响了思想家对于道德问题的理解方式。     

Race and Population Change: A Longitudinal Look at Cleveland Neighborhoods

This paper investigates the relationship of racial composition to neighborhood population change from 1910 to 1990 in the Cleveland metropolitan area. To better understand the long-term dynamics of urban neighborhood change, we focus our analysis upon the longitudinal relationship of race, socioeconomic status, and life cycle stage to changes in neighborhood population densities. First, we find that the more established neighborhoods of the African-American community have experienced dramatic declines in population since 1950, a pattern that represents a clear change from the earlier part of the twentieth century. Second, population loss is experienced through a variety of mechanisms, including the demolition of dwellings, the increase in housing vacancy, and the decline of household size. Third, much of this population loss should be interpreted within the context of high economic distress, occurring most frequently in older African-American communities. Over time, economic distress appears to be more important than race in and of itself in leading to the loss of neighborhood populations.