管理学术界与企业界脱节的问题分析

讨论学术界与企业界脱节的实质是理论与实践是否脱节的问题,管理学科的特性决定了管理理论来自于实践,不应该存在理论与实践脱节的问题。从这一基本问题入手,结合教学科研经历,分析理论与实践脱节的原因,并提出基本的改进思路,目的是能够更好地促进学术界与企业界的互动,从我国企业管理实践中科学地提炼管理理论。     

A process-oriented perspective on differential business value creation by information technology: An empirical investigation

The relationship between information technology investments and firm value as an area of inquiry has sustained interest among IS researchers over the past decade. More recently, some have challenged the notion differential value among firms through Information Technology (IT) as it evolves into a ubiquitous utility-like set of technologies. This study examines the relationship between IT and business value from a process-oriented perspective, and also helps to identify the underlying links between IT and its differential business value to firms. By drawing upon economic and organizational theories, this paper develops a process framework to assess the intermediate organizational process capabilities and overall performance of firms that effectively deploy and use IT. Using data from over 80 firms, the study finds empirical support for the differential business value created by IT along a number of process oriented dimensions. These findings are discussed as these results set an optimistic tone for IT as a major causal driver of differentiation.     

对亚里士多德的实践逻各斯思想的梳理

在亚里士多德的用法中,实践主要指道德行为,有时也包括制作活动,偶尔还包括思辨活动。逻各斯的词典意义是语言及其所表达的东西,特别是普遍性的道理。亚里士多德把人的灵魂分为植物性部分、动物性部分和专属人的部分——前两部分没有逻各斯,后一部分有逻各斯,从而把逻各斯看做人之为人的本质规定。他又把有逻各斯的部分分为有理论逻各斯的部分和有实践逻各斯的部分,前者以不变的原因、原理为对象,后者以可变的人、物、事为对象;运作前者的机能叫理论理智,运作后者的机能叫实践理智。逻各斯的最完整的语言形式为三段论。表达原理的三段论为理论三段论,其大、小前提和结论都是普遍性命题;指导实践的三段论为实践三段论,其大前提为跟人有关的普遍性命题,其小前提为跟行为者有关的个别性命题,其结论为行动。实践三段论的复杂性在于一个行为往往受多个互相异质的三段论的影响,因此,要做出恰当的行为,就既要让欲求习惯于听从正确的大前提从而养成德性,又要善于运用理智在不同的三段论之间计虑权衡,即要有实践智慧。     

生成图式与反思理性——解析布迪厄的知识社会学理论

知识社会学思想是布迪厄社会学理论的有机组成部分,也是理解他的整个社会学研究工作的重要线索。布迪厄借用现象学概念,对知识与社会的关系等问题进行重新诠释,并为当代知识社会学的解释模式注入了新的活力。本文认为,布迪厄对知识社会学理论的贡献主要体现在以下两个方面：第一,借鉴现象学认识论,将人类的思维原则述作“生成图式”或“信念”,用二重性表述替代了认知范畴与社会范畴的二元对立;第二,通过对“实践知识”与“科学（含社会学）知识”遵循的相异逻辑进行说明,探讨了客观真知的生成所倚赖的具体社会条件。     

Sustainable social work: Modelling knowledge production,transfer, and evidence‐based practice

Gray M, Schubert L. Sustainable social work: modelling knowledge production, transfer, and evidence‐based social work This article is a first attempt to present a model of knowledge production and transfer in social work, drawing on the expanding literature on knowledge production. It highlights features of knowledge production in social work, such as the diverse contexts in which knowledge is developed and applied. It argues that knowledge production by itself is not enough. Equally important is knowledge transfer and implementation. The literature on knowledge production highlights problems with the implementation of actually existing knowledge and the potential resistance to this implementation as highly important issues for social work research. It leads to a greater awareness of the context in which knowledge is produced and applied and creates a bridge between traditional informal and tacit ways of knowing in social work and the demands of evidence‐based practice.     

Reflective Debriefing: A Social Work Intervention Addressing Moral Distress among ICU Nurses

ABSTRACT

Health-care workers may experience moral distress when they are unable to act as they believe is ethically appropriate in their clinical work. A social worker-facilitated protocol called Reflective Debriefing was developed and tested for alleviating moral distress through regular debriefings with nursing staff on an intensive care unit (ICU). Forty-two ICU nurses completed a Moral Distress Scale-Revised (MDS-R) at the beginning and end of a 6-month period, during which time regular debriefings were offered. The overall level of moral distress on the ICU surveyed was found to be low to moderate. The top three most frequent situations causing moral distress reported by most nurses in this study were related to the provision of nonbeneficial care in the ICU. Participants reported gaining the most benefit from feeling empowered to constructively confront other staff members about truth-telling in giving a prognosis. Nurses’ overall response to the intervention was positive, with 100% of participants requesting to continue the Reflective Debriefing sessions either on a monthly or on an as-needed basis. The response to the intervention emphasized the importance of interprofessional collaboration to successfully combat moral distress among health-care workers and may protect them from burnout, detachment, and even quitting their profession.     

Contextualizing case reviews: A methodology for developing systemic safeguarding practices

This paper introduces a systemic methodology for reviewing professional responses to abuse between young people. The approach, “contextual case reviewing,” draws upon constructivist structuralism to assess the extent to which safeguarding practices engage with the social and public contexts of abuse. The paper conceptually compares the methodologies of contextual case review and other serious case review methods before drawing upon findings from 2 studies, which used the contextual case review methodology to explore the extrafamilial nature of peer‐on‐peer abuse and the ability of child protection practices to engage with this dynamic. Thematic findings from these studies regarding the practical interpretation of “significant harm” and “capacity to safeguard,” as well as their use within child protection assessments, are used to challenge conclusions of other case reviews, which imply that child protection procedures are sufficient for safeguarding young people. Contextual case reviews suggest that safeguarding practices, and the legislation that underpins them, are culturally, procedurally, and organisationally wedded to the context of the home, whereas insufficiently engaged with extrafamilial contexts of significant harm. The application of these issues require interrogation if social work systems are to provide sufficient mechanisms for safeguarding young people and families at risk of significant harm.     

Decision‐making in child welfare services: Professional discretion versus standardized templates

The article explores differences in the assessment and decision‐making processes, in child welfare services where a standardized template is implemented and in services where it is not. Child welfare services in several countries use different approaches to assess children's and families' need for intervention. In Norway, as in other European countries, there is a shortage of knowledge about decision‐making strategies. The article examines how 36 child welfare caseworkers in 6 different teams in Norway investigate, assess, and make decisions at the phase of an incoming referral. The analysed data were collected by focus group interviews. We use decision theory as a theoretical frame of reference. The analysis shows variation in the assessment procedure at different points of the process, depending on which approach was used. Despite such differences, the final decisions made were almost identical. Even though the data has its limitations because of the small number of informants, the results indicate that choice of approach is not decisive for decision‐making in the child welfare services.     

论道德适应的衍化逻辑

道德适应是一种道德流动的过程,其逻辑起点是我们对新的道德环境的需要与价值认同,是他者世界与道德发展之间的良性互动;道德适应的逻辑可能主要是从道德适应的形式之维与实质规定两方面加以展开,道德适应的形式主要细分为道德传播与道德涵化;道德适应的逻辑衍化以融合和分离的状态显现,最终分化为道德认同、道德学习、道德实践、道德内化四个阶段。